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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
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An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
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personality
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A theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people's patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
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personality theory
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Sigmund Freuds theory of personality, which emphasizes unconcious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of childhood experiences on later personality deveopment.
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psychoanalysis
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A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind.
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free association
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In Freuds theory, the completely unconcious irrational part of personality that seeks immediate statisfaction of basic biological urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle.
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id
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In Freud's theory, the self-preservation of life instinct, reflected in the expression of basic biological urges that perpetuate the exsistence of the individual and the species.
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Eros
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In Freud's theory, the psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality; the sex drive.
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libido
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In Freud's theory, the death instinct, reflected in agressive, destructive, and self-destructive actions.
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Thanatos
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In Freud's theory, the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort; the most fundemental human motive and the guiding principle of the id.
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pleasure principle
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In Freud's theory, the partly concious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behaviors and is most in touch with the demands of th external world.
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ego
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In Freud's theory, the capacity to accommodate external demands external demands by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist.
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reality principle
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In Freud's theory, the partly concious, self-evaluative, moralistic component of personality that is formed through the internalization of parental and societal rules.
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superego
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In psychoanalytic theory, largely unconcious distortions of thoughts or perceptions that act to reduce anxiety.
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ego defense mechanisms
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In psychoanalytic theory, the unconcious exclusion of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from concious awareness; the most fundemental ego defense mechanism.
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repression
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In psychoanalytic theory, an ego defense mechanism that involves unconciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous.
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displacement
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In psychoanalytic theory, an ego defense mechanism that involves redirecting sexual urges toward productive, socially acceptable, nonsexual activities; a form of displacement.
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sublimation
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Name the major ego defense mechanisms
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Repression, Displacement, Sublimation, Rationalization, Projection, Reaction Formation, Denial, Undoing, Regression
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In Freud's theory, age related developmental periods in which the child's sexual urges are focused on different areas of the body and are expressed through the activities associated with those areas.
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psychosexual urges
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In Freud's theory, a child's unconcious sexual desire for the oppisite-sex parent, usually accompanied by hostile feelings towards the same sex parent.
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Opedius complex
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In psychoanalytic theory, an ego defense mechanism that involves reducing anxiety by imitating the behavior and charachteristics of another person
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identification
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In order name the 5 psychosexual stages in Freud's theory.
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Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
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In Jung's theory, the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas.
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collective unconcious
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In Jung's theory, the inherited mental images of universal human instincts, themes, and preoccupations that are the main components of the collective unconscious.
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archetypes
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The theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self-actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development.
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humanistic psychology
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In Roger's theory, the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism.
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actualizing tendency
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The set of perceptions and beleifs that you hold about yourself.
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self-concept
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In Roger's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others; conditional love or acceptance.
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conditional positive regard
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In Roger's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved even if you don't conform to the standards and expectations of others; unconditional love or acceptance.
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unconditional positive regard
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Albert Bandura's theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism.
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social cognitive theory
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A model proposed by psychologist Albert Bandura that explains human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.
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reciprocal determinism
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The beliefs that people have about their ability to meet the demands of their specific situation; feelings of self-confidence or self doubt.
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self-efficacy
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A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave a certain way.
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trait
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A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions.
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trait theory
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Personality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observable behavior.
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surface traits
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The most fundamental dimensions of personality; the broad, basic traits that are hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number.
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source traits
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A trait theory of personality that identifies five basic source traits (extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openess to experience) as the fundamental building blocks of personality.
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five factor model of personnality
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An interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior.
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behavioral genetics
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A test that assesses a person's abilities, aptitudes, interests, or personality, on the basis of a systematically obtained sample of behavior.
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psychological test
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A type of personality test that involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image; used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality traits.
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projective test
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A projective test using inkblots, developed by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach in 1921.
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
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A pseudoscience that claims to assess personality, social, and occupational attributes based on a person's distinctive handwriting, doodles, and drawing style.
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graphology
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A projective personality test that involves creating stories about each of a series of ambiguous scenes.
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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A type of psychological test in which a person's responses to standardized questions are compared to established norms.
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self-report inventory
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A self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics and psychological disorders; used to assess both normal and disturbed populations.
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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A self-report inventory that assesses personality characteristics in normal populations.
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California Personality Inventory (CPI)
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A self-report inventory developed by Raymond Cattell that generates a personality profile with ratings on 16 trait dimensions.
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Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)
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Austrian physician who broke with Sigmund Freud and developed his own psychoanalytic theory of personality, which emphasized social factors and the motivation toward self improvement and self realization; key ideas include the inferiority complex and the superiority complex.
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Alfred Adler
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Contemporary American psychologist who is best known for his research on observational learning and his social cognitive theory of personality; key ideas include self-efficacy beliefs and reciprocal determinism.
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Albert Bandura
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British-born American psychologist who developed a trait theory that identifies 16 essential source traits or personality factors; also developed the widely used self-report personality test, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)
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Raymond Cattell
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German-born British psychologist who developed a trait theory of personality that identifies the three basic dimensions of personality as neuroticism, extroversion, and psychoticism.
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Hans Eysenck
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Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, which is both a comprehensive theory of personality and a form of psychotherapy
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Sigmund Freud
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German born American psychoanalyst who emphasized the role of social relationships and culture in personality; sharply disagreed with Freud's characterization of female psychological development.
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Karen Horney
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Swiss psychiatrist who broke with Sigmund Freud to develop his own psychoanalytic theory of personality, which stressed striving toward psychological harmony; key ideas include the collective unconscious and archetypes.
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Carl G. Jung
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American psychologist who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology and emphasized the study of healthy personality development; developed a hierarchical theory of motivation based on the idea that people will strive for self actualization.
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Abraham Maslow
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American psychologist who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology.
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Carl Rogers
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