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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dysphonia |
Any change in voice. Should resolve within a couple weeks. If not resolved in 2-3 weeks, refer to ENT. Numerous Causes: - URI - Reflux - Post nasal drip - Abuse |
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Hoarseness |
A type of dysphonia. Raspy voice. |
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Stridor |
Noisy breathing caused by airflow through a narrow airway. Types: - Inspiratory stridor - Supraglottic (laryngomalacia) - Expiratory stridor - Distal airway (asthma) - Biphasic Stridor - Glottic or subglottic |
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Epiglottitis |
Usually occurs in children 2-7. Pharyngitis/Laryngitis infection caused by H. influenza type B. Can be fatal. Signs/Symptoms - Sore throat - Dysphagia - Hot potato voice - Dysphonia - PT will prefer to sit upright, "flower sniffing" - Lateral neck CT shows a thumbprint sign Treatment - ENT consult - Blood culture (adult) - Broad spectrum IV ABx |
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Croup |
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - infection of lower respiratory passageway - More commonly viral, parainfluenza Signs/symptoms - barking cough, fever - AP neck film shows "steeple sign" - Steroids, racemic epinephrine - Consider broad spectrum ABx ? |
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GERD |
2/3 of ENT patients with voice disorders have reflux as a primary cause or significant factor. Symptoms - Dysphonia - Dysphagia - Chronic throat clearing - Excessive throat mucous - Voice fatigue Treatment - Lifestyle, diet - H2 blockers - Proton pump inhibitor - Antireflux surgery |
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Tracheomalacia |
"Floppy trachea" Due to immature tracheal rings. Tracheal rings collapse on expiration. Tx: - Observe - CPAP - Possible tracheostomy |
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Laryngitis |
S |
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Papillomatosis |
- Benign neoplasm of larynx (warts in the airway) - Associated with HPV 6, 11 - Possibly acquire through sexual transmission Signs/symptoms - hoarseness, gradual airway obstruction, cough, stridor Treatment: - Excision - intralesional cidofovir, intralesional bevacizumab (Avastin) |
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Laryngomalacia |
Most common congenital anomaly causing airway obstruction. Due to immature laryngeal cartilages. Signs/symptoms Inspiratory stridor |
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Vocal Fold Masses |
S |
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Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis |
May be unilateral or bilateral. Common cause is surgery. Symptoms - Presents with soft voice and shortness of breath with speaking - Peristent aspiration (especially in children) Treatment injection of bulking material intothe paralyzed cord or a surgical procedure to push the paralyzed cord moremedially (medialization thyroplasty) |
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Carcinoma of Larynx |
Risk Factors - Smoking, Alcohol Sites - Supraglottic, glottic or subglottic Signs/symptoms - Otalgia (ear pain) - Dysphonia - Respiratory difficulty - throat pain, dysphagia - cough Treatment - Radiation is good for smaller larynx cancer, but can only be done once - Surgery - Combination of both in later stages of disease |
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Membranous tracheitis |
"Atypical croup" - Infection of trachea by Staph a., Strep p. |
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Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis |
More serious than unilateral. Most common cause is iatrogenic(after surgery such as thyroidectomy, cervical spine surgery,cardiothoracic surgery), but can also be caused by trauma, cancer, or can beidiopathic Treatment: - Tracheotomy or surgically removinga portion of one of the vocal cords (to open the airway) - Bilateral vocal cord paralysis can be a surgical emergency (cords stuck in a medial position that obstructs breathing) |
