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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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base pairing
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principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
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codon
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group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein
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gene expression
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process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function
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nucleotide
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subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
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mutation
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change in the genetic material of a cell
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replication
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process of copying DNA prior to cell division
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messenger RNA (mRNA)
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type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
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semi-conservative replication
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method of DNA replication in which the original DNA molecule separates and each strand serves as a template for the formation of a complementary strand- the template plus complementary strand serves as the new molecule of DNA
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ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
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DNA
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genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents
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polypeptide
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long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
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transcription
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synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
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translation
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process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein
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transfer RNA (tRNA)
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type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis
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transformation
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process in which one strand of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strand of bacteria
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genetic code
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collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
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peptide bond
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bond formed between two amino acids
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