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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What results when matter is altered? |
Energy |
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How many atoms have been identified? |
118 |
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Atomic Weight |
Number of protons and neutrons |
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What is the max number of shells for an atom? |
7 |
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What letters are designated for valent shells? |
K-Q (K is closest to nucleus) |
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How are electrons maintained in their orbits? |
By the Electrostatic Force between the positive protons & negative electrons. |
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What is binding energy? |
The binding force of an electron.
Determined by the distance between the nucleus and the electron. |
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How are binding energies of orbiting electrons measured? |
In electron volts (eV) and kilo electron volts (keV) |
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An atom that is electrically unbalanced to an electron lost/gained is called what? |
An ion |
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The production of ions, or the process of converting atoms into icons is called what? |
Ionization |
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What is an ion pair? |
When an atom loses an electron, the atom becomes a positive ion and the electron becomes negative. This ion pair react with other ions until electrically stable, neutral ions, are formed. |
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What do we call the emission and propagation of energy through space OR a substance in the form of waves and particles? |
Radiation |
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What is radioactivity? |
The process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state. |
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Radiation that is capable of producing illness by adding or removing electrons is called what? |
Ionizing Radiation |
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Name the two types of ionizing radiation |
Particulate and Electromagnetic |
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What are the 4 types of particulate radiations? |
Electrons Alpha Particles Protons Neurons |
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Electrons can be classified as ________ or ________. |
beta particles; cathode rays |
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What do we call streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube? |
Cathode Rays |
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________ are fast-moving electrons emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atoms. |
Beta particles |
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Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all what type of radiations? |
Particulate Radiations |
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What is defined as the propagation of wavelike energy (without mass) through space or matter? |
Electromagnetic Radiation |
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Are electromagnetic radiations naturally occurring or man-made? |
Both |
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Cosmic rays, gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays, visible light, infrared light, radar waves, microwaves, and radio waves are all types of _________. |
Electromagnetic Radiation |
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Are electromagnetic radiations ionizing or non-ionizing? |
Both |
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Electromagnetic Radiations move through space as a _______ and a ______. |
particle; wave |
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Which concept characterizes raising as discrete bundles of energy called photons or quanta? |
The Particle Concept |
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Which concept characterizes electromagnetic radiations as waves and focuses on the properties of velocity, wavelength, and frequency? |
The Wave Concept |
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Velocity refers to what? |
The speed of the wave. |
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Wavelength is defined as what? |
The distance between the crest of one wave & the crest of the next. |
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Frequency refers to what? |
The number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. |
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How is wavelength measured? |
Short waves are measured in nanometers; long waves are measured in meters. |
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The amount of energy in electromagnetic radiation depends on the ________ and __________. |
wavelength; frequency |
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Low-frequency radiations have a _______ wavelength, and _______ energy. |
long; less Low frequency= low energy & long wavelength. |
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Does diagnostic radiography use high or low frequency waves? |
High-frequency
(Short wavelengths) |
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What type of radiation is a high-energy, ionizing electromagnetic radiation? |
X-radiations |
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What are the 3 visible parts of a dental x-ray machine? |
1) Control Panel 2) Extension Arm 3) Tubehead |