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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mechanism of Action for alpha-Methyltyrosine (al fa meth ill tie’ ro seen)
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Inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway.
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Mechanism of Action for Reserpine (re ser’ peen)
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Irreversibly damages vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT-1 & VMAT-2) that concentrate NE, serotonin, & dopamine in vesicles, thus leading to their depletion in adrenergic terminals via intraneuronal, mitochondrial MAO metabolism.
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Mechanism of Action for Guanethidine (gwahn eth’ i deen)
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Guanethidine, like guanadrel, is actively transported into neurons by NET, where it concentrates in transmitter vesicles, displacing NE, leading to a gradual depletion of NE.
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Mechanism of Action for Guanadrel (gwhan’ a drel)
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Guanadrel, like guanethidine, is actively transported into neurons by NET, where it concentrates in transmitter vesicles, displacing NE, leading to a gradual depletion of NE.
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Mechanism of Action for Amphetamine (am fet’ a meen)
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Amphetamine displaces endogenous catecholamines from storage vesicles, weakly inhibits MAO, and blocks catecholamine reuptake mediated by NET and DAT.
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Mechanism of Action for Methylphenidate (meth il fen’ i date)
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Like amphetamine, methylphenidate is said to displace endogenous catecholamines from storage vesicles, to weakly inhibit MAO, and to block catecholamine reuptake mediated by NET and DAT.
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Mechanism of Action for Pseudoephedrine (soo doe e fed’ rin)
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Pseudoephedrine displaces NE from pre-synaptic vesicles, causing NE release into the neuronal synapse where it activates postsynaptic alpha-receptors located on the muscles lining the walls of blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction, which allows less fluid to leave the blood vessels and enter the nose, throat, & sinus linings, thereby decreasing the inflammation of nasal membranes and the production of mucus.
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Mechanism of Action for Cocaine (koe kane’)
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Cocaine inhibits norepinephrine transporter (NET) allowing NE to remain in the synaptic cleft longer, thus potentiating neurotransmission at adrenergic synapses.
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Mechanism of Action for Amitriptyline (a mee trip’ ti leen)
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Amitriptyline, like imipramine, inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), thus facilitating their accumulation in the synaptic cleft.
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Mechanism of Action for Imipramine (im ip’ ra meen)
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Imipramine, like amitriptyline, inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), thus facilitating their accumulation in the synaptic cleft.
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Mechanism of Action for Iproniazid (eye pro neye’ ah zid)
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Iproniazid, like phenelzine & tranylcypromine, nonselectively and irreversibly inhibits both MAO-A & MAO-B, thereby increasing catecholamine levels by blocking catecholamine degradation.
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Mechanism of Action for Phenelzine (fen’ el zeen)
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Phenelzine, like iproniazid & tranylcypromine, nonselectively and irreversibly inhibits both MAO-A & MAO-B, thereby increasing catecholamine levels by blocking catecholamine degradation.
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Mechanism of Action for Tranylcypromine (tran il sip’ roe meen)
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Tranylcypromine, like iproniazid & phenelzine, nonselectively and irreversibly inhibits both MAO-A & MAO-B, thereby increasing catecholamine levels by blocking catecholamine degradation.
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Mechanism of Action for Moclobemide (moe kloe’ be mide)
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Moclobemide, like befloxatone & brofaromine, is a Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (a medication class referred by the acronym RIMA).
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Mechanism of Action for Befloxatone (be flocks’ a tone)
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Befloxatone, like moclobemide & brofaromine, is a Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (a medication class referred by the acronym RIMA).
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Mechanism of Action for Brofaromine (bro fare’ o meen)
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Brofaromine, like moclobemide & befloxatone, is a Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (a medication class referred by the acronym RIMA).
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Mechanism of Action for Selegiline (se le’ ji leen)
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Selective, irreversible MAO-B inhibitor.
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Mechanism of Action for Methoxamine (meth ox’ a meen)
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Methoxamine is a systemically-administered, selective, alpha1-receptors agonist used to increase peripheral vascular resistance.
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Mechanism of Action for Phenylephrine (fen il ef’ rin)
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Phenylephrine, like oxymetazoline & tetrahydrazoline, is a selective alpha1-receptor agonist.
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Mechanism of Action for Oxymetazoline (ok” see met az’ oh leen)
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Oxymetazoline, like phenylephrine & tetrahydrazoline, is a selective alpha1-receptor agonist.
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Mechanism of Action for Tetrahydrazoline (teh truh hi droze' oh leen)
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Tetrahydrazoline, like phenylephrine & oxymetazoline, is a selective alpha1-receptor agonist.
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Mechanism of Action for Clonidine (kloe’ ni deen)
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Clonidine, like guanabenz & glunfacine, selectively activates central alpha2-autoreceptors, thereby inhibiting sympathetic outflow from the CNS.
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Mechanism of Action for Guanabenz (gwahn’ a benz)
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Guanabenz, like clonidine & guanfacine, selectively activates central alpha2-autoreceptors, thereby inhibiting sympathetic outflow from the CNS.
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Mechanism of Action for Guanfacine (gwahn’ fa seen)
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Guanfacine, like clonidine & guanabenz, selectively activates central alpha2-autoreceptors, thereby inhibiting sympathetic outflow from the CNS.
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Mechanism of Action for Methyldopa (meth ill doe’ pa)
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Inhibits aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, which is the enzyme responsible for converting DOPA to Dopamine. Its metabolite, methylnorepinephrine, selectively activates central alpha2-autoreceptors, thereby inhibiting sympathetic outflow from the CNS.
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Mechanism of Action for Isoproterenol (eye soe proe ter’ e nol)
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Isoproterenol is a nonselective beta-receptor agonist having a higher potency for these receptors than epinephrine (which is has a higher potency than norepinephrine).
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Mechanism of Action for Dobutamine (doe byoo’ ta meen)
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Dobutamine is a selective, beta1-receptor agonist.
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Mechanism of Action for Metaproterenol (met a proe ter’ e nole)
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Metaproterenol is a selective, beta2-receptor agonist.
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Mechanism of Action for Terbutaline (ter byoo’ ta leen)
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Terbutaline, as well as albuterol, selectively activates beta2-receptors, and thus causes fewer cardiac effects than less selective adrenergic agonists.
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Mechanism of Action for Albuterol (al byoo’ ter ole)
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Albuterol, as well as terbutaline, selectively activates beta2-receptors, and thus cause fewer cardiac effects than less selective adrenergic agonists.
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Mechanism of Action for Salmeterol (sal me’ te role)
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Salmeterol is a long-acting, beta2-receptor agonist (LABA) with a duration of action lasting 12 to 24 hrs.
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Mechanism of Action for Phenoxybenzamine (fen ox ee ben’ za meen)
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Phenoxybenzamine irreversibly blocks both alpha1- & alpha2-receptors (alpha1 > alpha2).
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Mechanism of Action for Phentolamine (fen tole’ a meen)
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Phentolamine is a reversible, nonselective alpha-receptor antagonist
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Mechanism of Action for Prazosin (pra’ zoe sin)
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Prazosin, like terazosin & doxazosin, is a selective antagonist of alpha1-receptors in arterioles and veins (1000-fold greater affinity for alpha1 than alpha2)
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Mechanism of Action for Terazosin (ter ay’ zoe sin)
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Terazosin, like prazosin & doxazosin, is a selective antagonist of alpha1-receptors in arterioles and veins. Like doxazosin, it has a longer half-life than prazosin, allowing less frequent dosing.
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Mechanism of Action for Doxazosin (dox ay’ zoe sin)
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Doxazosin, like prazosin & terazosin, is a selective antagonist of alpha1-receptors in arterioles and veins. Like terazosin, it has a longer half-life than prazosin, allowing less frequent dosing.
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Mechanism of Action for Tamsulosin (tam soo’ loe sin)
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Tamsulosin is a subtype-selective alpha1A-receptor antagonist that has more specificity towards smooth muscle in the genitourinary tract. Hence it has a lower incident of orthostatic hypotension than prazosin, terazosin, or doxazosin.
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Mechanism of Action for Yohimbine (yo him’ bean)
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Yohimbine blockades alpha2-autoreceptors, which leads to increased release of NE (stimulating cardiac beta1-receptors and peripheral vasculature alpha1-receptors) and causes increased insulin release through blockade of suppressive alpha2-receptors in the pancreatic islets.
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Mechanism of Action for Propranolol (proe pran’ oh lole)
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Propranolol is a lipophilic, nonselective beta blocker having relatively equal affinity for beta1- & beta2-receptors.
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Mechanism of Action for Nadolol (nay doe’ lole)
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Nadolol is a nonselective beta blocker having a relatively long half-life and a relatively equal affinity for beta1- & beta2-receptors.
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Mechanism of Action for Timolol (tye’ moe lole)
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Timolol is a nonselective beta blocker having a relatively short half-life and a relatively equal affinity for beta1- & beta2-receptors.
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Mechanism of Action for Labetalol (la bet’ a lole)
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Labetalol blocks alpha1-, beta1-, & beta2-receptors. Although it also acts as a weak, partial agonist of beta2, it has a 5- to 10-fold greater effect as a beta-blocker.
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Mechanism of Action for Carvedilol (kar’ ve dil ol)
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Carvedilol blocks alpha1-, beta1-, & beta2-receptors.
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Mechanism of Action for Pindolol (pin’ doe lole)
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Pindolol is a nonselective beta-receptor antagonist having partial agonist activity at both beta1- & beta2-receptors, which attenuates its antagonistic effect, making it useful for treating hypertensive patients who have bradycardia or decreased cardiac reserve.
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Mechanism of Action for Acebutolol (a se byoo’ toe lole)
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Acebutolol is a selective beta1-receptor antagonist having partial agonist activity, which makes it more suitable than noncardioselective beta blockers for the treatment of hypertensive patients who also have asthma or COPD.
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Mechanism of Action for Esmolol (es’ moe lol)
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Esmolol is a selective, beta1-receptor antagonist having a rapid onset of action and a very short duration of action, which makes it useful for emergency beta-blockade in the treatment in thyroid storm or in suspected aortic dissection, as examples.
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Mechanism of Action for Metoprolol (me toe’ proe lole)
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Metoprolol is a selective, beta1-receptor antagonist having an intermediate half-life (4 to 9 hrs).
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Mechanism of Action for Atenolol (a ten’ oh lole)
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Atenolol is a selective beta1-receptor antagonist have an intermediate half-life (4 to 9 hrs).
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Mechanism of Action for Celiprolol (see’ li proe lole)
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Celiprolol is a selective beta1-receptor antagonist and a selective beta2-receptor agonist.
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