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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
3 Biotransformation Rxns that can produce Toxic Metabolites |
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4 Results of Cellular Toxicity |
Damage Repair Apoptosis Necrosis Fibrosis |
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Which causes inflammation Apoptosis or Necrosis |
Necrosis |
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3 Results of Apoptosis |
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T/F Fibrosis leads to non-functional cells |
T |
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If drug toxicity does not trigger regulator processes, what are 2 other fates |
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4 Mechanisms of Drug Toxicity |
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Define "On-Target" effect |
When drug metabolite acts on intended receptor. May happen on Intended OR Unintended Tissue |
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Define "Off-Target" effect |
When drug metabolite acts on unintended receptor. May happen on Intended OR Unintended Tissue |
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Which anti-histamine was taken off the market and why? |
Terfenadine due to Cardiotoxicity (CV effects were "unintended tissues) Benadryl stayed |
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Explain Anaphylaxis Steps |
Hapten binds protein stimulates Mast Cell |
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Explain Mismatched Rh Factor Steps |
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Explain Lupus Steps |
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Explain Poison Ivy Steps |
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4 Organ specific manifestations of Toxicity |
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Other manifestations of Toxicity (3) |
Immunotox Tox on genetic material Reproductive tox |
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What happens in organ tox |
Cell Death Disruption of Normal Metabolic Processes |
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Example of Distrupted Metabolic Processes |
Body spends lots of energy putting Na out of cell If long enough, the cell will not recover |
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6 Results of Pulmonary Tox |
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What is bronchitis |
Inflammation of Bronchi Caused by cig smoke and air pollution |
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What is emphysema |
Air sacs damaged leading to decreased surface area for gas exchange |
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T/F Emphysema occurs rapidly |
F; years of damage |
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Emphysema Treatment |
Enriched Oxygen |
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T/F Bronchodilators will work in emphysema |
F; there is decreased gas exchange no matter how much you dilate the bronchioles |
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5 Major Pulmonary Toxicants: Drugs |
Amiodarone Bleomycin Busulfan Cyclophosphamide (chemo) Methotrexate (chemo) |
ABBCM |
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6 Major Pulmonary Toxicants: Chemicals
(Damage Lungs) |
Asbestos Chlorine Gas Nitrogen Dioxide Ozone Silica (like Asbestos) Sulfur Dioxide |
ACNOSS |
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*What is the cause of nephrotoxicity |
Compromised RBF |
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Cells of the tubular nephron face 1 exposure to agents in the blood on the 2 side and the filtered urine on the 3 side. |
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What side of cells are generally the site of nephrotoxicity and why |
Proximal Tubule Cells Abundance of CYP 450 Reabsorbs and Concentrates anions/cations from blood |
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4 Drugs that can cause Renal Tox |
Cephalexin Cyclosporine A NSAIDS ACE I |
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How do ACE I cause Renal Tox |
When there is decreased RBF, ACE increases Angiotensin to restore RBF ACE I prevents Angiotensin from restoring RBF |
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3 steps which cause Renal Tox with NSAIDS |
NSAIDS inhibit COX |
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2 Chemical which cause Renal Tox |
Chloroform Hexachlorobutadiene |
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Where was Melamine used |
Pet food and Baby formula Caused Recall |
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Adverse effects of melamine |
Promotes cystalization in kidney decreasing GFR leading to Kidney Failure Kidney Stones |
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T/F ACE I is contraindicated in patients with Renal issues |
T |
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How does a coma occur? |
No glucose to brain |
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How is the CNS protected from toxicants? What property of these cells is protective |
Blood Brain Barrier - Tight junctions cause selectivity |
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3 Ways in which CNS is susceptible to toxicants |
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T/F Neural tissue replicates easily |
F |
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CNS Toxicants: Drugs (3) |
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4 CNS Toxicants: Chemicals |
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LMMO |
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Effects (3) of lead poisoning |
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3 Peripheral Neurotoxicants: Drugs |
(Anti-cancer and Antibiotics) |
DIN |
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4 Peripheral Neurotoxicants: Chemicals |
Acrylamide Carbondisulfide Lead N-Hexane |
ACLN |
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What is the most common single adverse effect causing major drug problems, including withdrawals and refusals to approve |
Hepatotoxicity |
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5 Hepatotoxicity: Drugs |
APAP Estrogen Isonaizid Nitrofurantion |
AEEIN |
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Hepatotoxicants: Chem |
Allyl Formate Be CaCl4 Vinyldiene Chloride |
ABCV |
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Why is the liver susceptible to toxicity |
1st pass metabolism activates drugs |
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How is the liver proteted |
1st pass metabolism |
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T/F APAP Can Not be used as anti-infalmmation |
T |
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What is the max dose of APAP in 24 hours |
3250 mg in 24 hours |
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What is needed to deactivate APAP |
Glutathione |
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What enzyme is involved with APAP metabolism |
CYP2E1 |
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What is the toxic intermediate in APAP metabolism |
N-acetyl-p benzoquinine imine (NAPQI) |
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What are the majority of Phase 2 rxns |
Conjugation; helps make things polar for excretion |
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Drugs that cause immunotoxicity |
Azathioprine Corticosteroids Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine A Methotrexate |
ACCCM |
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Chemicals that cause immunotoxicity |
Arsenic Benzene Lead Ozone |
ABLO |
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Toxic effects on Genetic Material and Cell Replication |
Mutagenesis Teratogenesis Carcinogenesis |
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What is Mutagenesis |
Change in genetic material |
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What is teratogenesis |
PRoduction of developmental malformations |
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T/F BRCA1/2 is involved with DNA repair |
T |
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What are the 3 periouds of development during Gestation |
Preimplantation - Generally toxic Organogenesis - susceptibility Fetal Period - last 6 months of gestation |
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T/F Pregnancy Category A is safe to use as it failed to have affects during 1st trimester |
T |
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Thalidomide is in what pregnancy category |
X |
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