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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Zinberg's Theory of Drug Use
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The effect of a drug is due to three variables and their interaction: Drug, Set and Setting
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What is a drug (zinberg)?
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The pharmacological action of a substance itself
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What is set (zinberg)?
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The attitude of the person at time of use, including his or her personality structure, and what they expect the drug to do (Individual attitudes are significantly influenced by social values and social expectations).
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What is setting (zinberg)?
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The influence of the physcial and social setting in which use occurs. There are two dimensions: social sanctions and social rituals.
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Name the 5 basic categories of illicit drugs.
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Narcotics (relieve pain/induce euphoria/create physical dependency
Hypnotics (cause sleep, tranquilisers are similar but reduce anxiety w/o causing sleep) Stimulants (excitement, increase in energy, create dependency) Inebriants Hallucinogens (changes in visual/auditory and other perceptions) |
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Botanical name for cannabis? Active ingredient?
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Cannabis sativa and Cannabis Indica. Ingredient is Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol
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Main forms?
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1. Marijuana- (dried flowering tops and leave of harvested plant).
2. Sinsemilla marijuana (female plant; not fertilised) 3. Hashish: (dried cannabis resin and compressed flowers) 4. Hashish oil: (high potency substance extracted from hashish) 5. Hemp: (use for industrial purposes) |
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Where did Cannabis originate?
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Central Asia
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How was it used?
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Ancient medical and religious in Chinese and Indian texts
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How was cannabis used in the West?
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Initially for practical purposes (ship sails and ropes and cloth)
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Who is credited with the introduction of medical use of cannabis?
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W.B. O'Shaughnessy
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Recreational use in the West?
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a. French Hashish Club (Baudelaire & Gautier, 1843)
b. Hashish bars in Europe and USA (second half of 19th century) |
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Himmelstein
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Killer drug to Drop out drug
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Moral Entrepreneurs
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Moral crusaders who play a key role in drug legislation by influencing public images of a drug
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Social locus
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the social position of the drug users
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Symbolic politics
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drugs and drug prohibition as symbolic counters in wider social conflicts. (drugs as scapegoats)
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Ganja introduced by who and when in Jamaica?
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By indentured Indian labourers in 1830's and spread to black pop
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Ganja as scapegoat?
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Scapegoat for elite and middle-class anxieties about deviant behaviour of poor working class
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Rastafarianism
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Belief in the black messiah: emperor haile selassie. strict rules of conduct (no alch, cutting of hair, gambling)
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Symbolic politics of Rasta?
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Colonial authorities considered Rasta dissident movement and a threat to social stability
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Who founded the Rastas? What is the sacred herb?
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Marcus Garvey and cannabis or kaya
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Cannabis and inter-generational conflict (Himmelstein)
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1970s in US image of cannabis changes from drug of violence to drop out drug linked to amotivational syndrome
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Social locus
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Use changed to middle-class youth
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Symbolic politics
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cannabis as a symbol of conflict between generations
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Dominant society's perception on cannabis?
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social characteristics of the counterculture were projected on to marijuana and then claimed to be the psychological effects inherent in the drug
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What is de facto legislation?
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It is non-enforcement policy that still sells marijuana in ie. coffee shops in the Netherlands (1976)
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What is the Gateway theory?
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Theory that cannabis use in adolescence leads to the use of more dangerous 'hard' drugs
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