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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cocaine's medical uses |
surgery involving sensitive tissues: eyes, ears, throat |
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Amphetamine's medical uses |
ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite suppressant |
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Order of amphetamines by potency |
Amphetamine, D-Amphetamine, Methamphetamine |
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Psychomotor stimulants affect on behavior rate |
high rate behaviors decrease, low rate behaviors increase |
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Cocaine causes numbness by _______ |
Blocking NA+ channels |
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Sympathomimetic |
The term used to describe how psychostimulants mimic the sympathetic nervous system. Increased HR, increased BP |
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Effects of Psychomotor stiumlants |
increased HR, increased BP, rush/high/buzz, positive reinforcement, anorectic effect, delays in need for sleep |
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Stimulant enduced psychosis |
Schizophrenic like symptoms that result from chronic use. More common in amphetamine. |
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Stereotypy |
repetitive nonfunctional behaviors. Rats will turn there heads and circles and sniff one part of the cage repeatedly |
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Stimulant effects on Performance |
Improved vigilance and possibly small boost to motor/athletic performance |
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Physical Withdrawal symptoms of psychomotor stimulants |
sleep disturbance, ahnedonia, difficulty concentrating |
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Cocaine action at synapse |
blocks reuptake of DA |
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Amphetamine action at synapse |
causes more DA to release from the cell and inhibits monoamine oxidase |
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2nd most traded commodity following petroleum |
coffee |
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most common source of caffeine |
tea |
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Animals and caffeine |
Animals will not self-administer caffeine |
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Self Administration of Caffeine in humans |
Many people don't self-administer caffeine and are not willing to pay much for it. There is only a slight preference over placebo |
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Caffeine might possibly become classically conditioned because _____ |
it is often mixed with sugar and fat |
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Alcohol is made by |
fermenting foods containing sugar with yeast. The byproducts are C02 and ethanol |
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Behavioral Effects of Alcohol |
Euphoria, anti-punishment effect, general anaestetic, zero order kinetics, |
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About how much alcohol is processed per hour |
1/3 of an ounce (1 drink) |
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How is alcohol metabolized? |
The ethanol is broken down by ethanol dehydrogenase into acetaldehyde which is broken down by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase into acetic acid acetate which is broken down into CO2 and water |
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Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase |
is lacking in some individuals which causes build up of acetaldehyde and leads to negative effects |
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Disulfiram |
Antibuse: interferes with acetaldehyde hydrogenase |
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Effects of chronic administration of alcohol |
liver cirrhosis, cancer: oral, stomach, liver, central nervous system atrophy, korsakoff syndrome, neurotoxicity
|
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Korsakoff Syndrome |
severe anterograde amnesia |
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Supplements |
unregulated, untested, manufacturer is responsible for safety, can't be marketed for specific conditions, supposed to list all ingredients but nobody checks this |
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OTC Drugs |
require FDA data, must be effective and safe |
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Designer Drugs |
attempts to get around the law |
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Drug Analogue Act |
passed to end designer drugs. If a drug is similar to another drug you can be arrested |
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Shark Cartilage |
marketed as cancer treatment |
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Viagara Pills |
investigated by FDA after enough incidents occurred |
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Frozen Individuals |
Took what was supposed to be heroin and ended up with parkinson's like symptoms. The drug had wiped out DA producing cells in the brain. |
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The half-life of caffeine |
2.5-4.5 hours |
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The half-life of theophylline and theobromine |
6.2-7.2 hours |
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Caffeine affects which neurotransmitter |
It is antagonist for adenosine, blocking receptor sites |
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Effects of caffeine |
stimulation of sympathetic nervous system, relaxation of involuntary muscles, strengthening of voluntary muscles, dilation of bronchi, stimulation of spinal cord |
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Alcohol's Action at the synapse |
GABA, Glutamine, DA |
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The half-life of amphetamine |
7-14 hours when urine is acidic, 16-34 hours when urine is basic |
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The half-life of cocaine |
45-75 minutes |