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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prostaglandin Analog Drugs |
Latanoprost (Xalatan) Bimatoprost (Lumigan) Travoprost (Travatan) Tafluprost (Zioptan) |
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Prostaglandin Analog Adverse Reactions |
-Increased length and thickness of eyelashes -Possible irreversible darkening of the iris -Sensation of foreign body in the eye -Photophobia -Local irritation; redness, burning and stinging |
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Prostaglandin Analog Nursing Implications |
Avoid antihistamines and decongestants as they may increase IOP.
Administer just before bed due to side effects.
Prostaglandin Analogs have a long duration of action |
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers for Glaucoma |
timolol (Timoptic, betimol) betaxolol (Betoptic) levobunolol (Betagan) metipranolol (OptiPranolol)
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers for Glaucoma Action |
Effective for open-angle glaucoma
Decreases production of aqueous humor |
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Adverse Reactions |
Burning, stinging, blurred vision, and headache.
If systemic absorption occurs (think about beta blocker side effects): Hypotension, dysrhythmias, bradycardia bronchoconstriction |
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Nursing Implications |
Drug interactions only occur if the drug becomes systemic. Monitor closely with anticholinergics, nitrates, methydopa, verapamil.
Put pressure over the lacrimal gland.
Use with caution in asthma, COPD and heart failure |
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Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists for Glaucoma |
Apraclonidine (Lopidine) Brimonidine (Alphagan) |
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Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Adverse Reactions |
Allergic reactions, headache, drowsiness, dry mucus membranes, itching, burning, blurred vision, irritated eyelids.
Can cause hypertension over time |
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Cholinergic Agonists |
Carbachol (Miostat) Echothiophate iodide (Phospholine iodide) Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, Pilopine) |
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Cholinergic Agonists action |
Causes miosis- constriction of the pupil. Miosis stretches the trabecular meshwork to allow greater outflo of aqueous humor and lowering of IOP. |
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Cholinergic Agonists Adverse Reactions |
Headache, induced myopia, decreased vision in low light, blurred vision, and eye redness |
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Nonselective sympathomimetics (Dipivefrin) |
Activate the SNS to produce mydriasis (pupil dilation) which increases the outflow of aqueous humor, resulting in a lower IOP. |
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Dipivefrin (Propine) |
is converted to epinephrine in the eye. |
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Nonselective sympathomimetics (Dipivefrin) Adverse Reactions |
Local burning and stinging, blurred vision, HA, photosensitivity
If medication reaches the systemic cirulation: tachycardia, and hypertension (over time). |
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors PO agents |
Acetazolamide (Diamox) PO Methazolamide (Neptazane) PO
These meds contain sulfur
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors PO agents adverse reactions |
Lethargy, drowsiness, depression, paresthesias, N/V, diuresis, electrolyte imbalances, blood dyscrasias, flaccid paralysis, and hepatic impairment. |
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Topical agents |
Brinzolamide (Azopt) Dorzoamide (Trusopt)
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Topical agents adverse reactions |
Photosensitivity, blurred vision, bitter taste, dry eye, blepharitis, itching, sensation of a foreign body in the eye, headache. |
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Osmotic Diuretics uses |
Preop for eye surgery; emergency treatment of acute closed angle glaucoma |
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Osmotic Diuretics |
Isosorbide (Ismotic) Urea Mannitol (Osmitrol) |
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Osmotic Diuretics Adverse Reactions |
Headache, tremors, dizziness, dry mouth, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and thrombophlebitis or venous clot formation near the IV site. |
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Common Topic Otic Antibiotics |
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycein, Pentamycetin) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro otic) |
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Topical Optic Medications Adverse Effects |
Ear irritation, local stinging or burning, dizziness |
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Cerumen softeners |
Carbamide peroxide (Debrox) Triethanolamine |
