Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hardware
|
Monitor, Printer, CPU, Hard Drive, etc.
|
|
Software
|
Programs
|
|
Operating System (OS)
|
Master Program
|
|
Central Processing Unity (CPU)
|
Microprocessor, controls computer
1) Arithmetic Logic Unit 2) Control Unit 3) Registers |
|
CISC
|
Complex Instruction Set Computer
|
|
RISC
|
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
|
|
RAM
|
Random Access Memory (info can be read from AND written to it)
|
|
ROM
|
Read Only Memory, info placed at factory
|
|
Input Devices
|
Mouse, Keyboard, etc.
|
|
Output Devices
|
Monitor, Printer, Speakers, etc.
|
|
Peripheral Devices
|
External equipment (mouse, printer, scanner, etc.)
|
|
PC
|
Personal computer, at home
|
|
PDA
|
Hand held, personal organization software, (calendar, address book, notepad, email, etc.)
|
|
Mainframe Computer
|
1960's, very large, can handle multiple-users and complex calculations simultaneously (government computers)
|
|
Binary Digits
|
1's and 0's
|
|
Bit
|
Each individual binary digit
|
|
Byte
|
1 byte = 8 bits
256 possible characters |
|
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB) Gigabyte (GB) |
1024 bytes, 1000KB, 1000MB
|
|
Telecommunications
|
transmitting computer data over a network
|
|
network
|
two or more computers connected together
|
|
network interface card (NIC)
|
connects each computer in the network by cables
|
|
network node
|
each computer in the network
|
|
Local Area Network (LAN)
|
in one room or one building
|
|
Network Hub
|
Central hardware device to which all computers in the LAN are connected
|
|
peer to peer
|
every computer is equal and share equal access to each other's files
|
|
client/server
|
one central computer holds all files (server), other computers (clients) access the server (also called workstations)
Print Server, Database Server, File Server, Web Server, Mail Server, etc. each serves specific purpose |
|
network topology
|
how the networks are linked together
|
|
star topology
|
all computers (nodes) are connected to a central computer (expensive)
|
|
bus network
|
each computer is connected to the next in the line (inexpensive, if one link fails the whole network fails)
|
|
ring network
|
a bus network that forms a complete circle (capable of two way communication so if one link fails the others still work)
|
|
Token Ring Network
|
combination of ring and star. not used now, used token passing
|
|
network operating system
|
handles all communication between computers
|
|
network protocol
|
locks files that are currently being accessed so there wont be any conflict between computers
|
|
token passing
|
token is passed like a baton between computers. the one which currently holds the token has access to the files
|
|
wide area network (WAN)
|
spread out over large area
|
|
types of network cable
|
ARCnet (old, not used now)
Ethernet (fast, supports 1,024 workstations) Fiber-opno *uses lasers, very expensive |
|
communications protocol
|
standard set of rules so that each computer can understand the other
|
|
asynchronous
|
one bit is sent after the other. a start and a stop bit are sent to mark the beginning and end of each message (telephone lines)
|
|
synchronous
|
a clock synchronizes the transfer of data, very fast
|
|
full-duplex
|
send and receive at the same time
|
|
Token Ring Network
|
combination of ring and star. not used now, used token passing
|
|
network operating system
|
handles all communication between computers
|
|
network protocol
|
locks files that are currently being accessed so there wont be any conflict between computers
|
|
token passing
|
token is passed like a baton between computers. the one which currently holds the token has access to the files
|
|
wide area network (WAN)
|
spread out over large area
|
|
types of network cable
|
ARCnet (old, not used now)
Ethernet (fast, supports 1,024 workstations) Fiber-opno *uses lasers, very expensive |
|
communications protocol
|
standard set of rules so that each computer can understand the other
|
|
asynchronous
|
one bit is sent after the other. a start and a stop bit are sent to mark the beginning and end of each message (telephone lines)
|
|
synchronous
|
a clock synchronizes the transfer of data, very fast
|
|
full-duplex
|
send and receive at the same time
|
|
half duplex
|
can only send or receive at one time. each computer takes its turn
|
|
modem
|
modulator/demodulator. converts digital signal to analog signal (for sending down phone lines)
|
|
multiprogramming
|
more than one program can fun at the same time (OS and several apps)
|
|
device manager (I/O supervisor)
|
controls I/O devices to ensure they don't clash
|
|
device driver
|
a small piece of software which contains instrucions for the OS on how to work with a particular device
|
|
spooler
|
puts printer requests into a queue for orderly printing
|
|
batch processing
|
saves up requests and then performs them all at one time
|
|
real-time processing (online processing)
|
immediate processing of requests as they occur
|
|
multiprocessing
|
when a computer has more than one CPU and can process multiple requests at the same time
|
|
multitasking
|
one program operates in the foreground while others operate silently in the background
|
|
multithreading
|
multiple instances of the same software can be opened at the same time
|
|
cold boot
|
starting computer with ON button
|
|
warm boot
|
restarting the computer
|
|
system utilities
|
defrag, scandisk, software that maintains the os in good working order
|
|
software development methods
|
waterfall - analysis, design, implementation, matinenance
prototyping design a working prototype, see if it works, adjust, good to go |
|
Rapid application Development
|
uses computer apps to speed up development process
|
|
object-orientated development
|
reusable pre existing objects are used tocreate a new product
|
|
conversion to new software or system
|
Parallel - both old an new software are used side by side to compare
Phased - one dept starts using the new software, then another, etc Pilot - one department uses the new software to see if it works Plunge - total switch |
|
Gantt chart
|
plots out the time allocated to each step in the software development process
|
|
PERT Chart (program evaluation and review technique)
|
shows the order in which tasks must be completed
|
|
psuedocode
|
standardized plain english coding language, always follows PEMDAS
|
|
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
|
IF, THEN, ELSE,...
|