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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is another word for fibroid?
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leiomyomas
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In a benign neoplasia, do you have dysplasia?
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no, not usually.
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Can colonic adenomas progress to carcinoma?
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Yes.
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What is a paraneoplastic syndrome? What type of neoplasm is this most commonly associated with? Common locale?
Can a adrenal cortex adenoma cause paraneoplastic syndrome? |
symtoms not due to the local presense of neoplastic cells, rather, due to secretion of humoral factors by tumor cells.
Malignant neoplasm. Lung Not typically. PneoS requires tumor producing something wrong in the wrong place...this wouldn't fit with ACA. ---look at Rubin's for this bit to see if a pituitary tumor would qualify--- |
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Place in Order: Carcinoma, Dypslasia, Carcinoma in situ
Differentiate b/t them. |
D, CiS, C
Dysplasia Abnormal appearing cells Abnormal cellular architecture Reversible Can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of involvement Carcinoma in situ Dysplastic changes involving the full thickness of the epithelium Cells do not extend beyond the basement membrane Carcinoma Invade surrounding tissue - malignant cells with atypical morphology extend beyond the basement membrane |
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Could a benign tumor cause paraneoplastic syndrome?
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Yes.
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What does 'sarcoma' refer to?
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malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin
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What does 'carcinoma' refer to?
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malig. neop. of epithelium
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What is a teratoma?
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A malig. neop. that can produce ALL types of cells.
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What is the most common of the solid tumors?
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carcinoma
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In which populations are sarcomas most common?
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children and adolescents
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Malignant neoplasms are associated histologically with: (4)
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Atypia / anaplasia / pleomorphism
Poorly circumscribed / invasive border High mitotic rate Metastatases |
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Is there always a stepwise progression of tumor development?
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No
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What are three histological features of carcinoma, re: cell #, cell organization, and nuc:cyto?
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more cells, less organized, and more nucleus wrt cytoplasm
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What is an oncogene? tumor suppressor gene?
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gene that promotes growth
deletion allows growth to go on. |
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Usually, a series of mutational events accumulate to promote autonomous ________. Rare exception to this model?
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neoplastic growth
Chronic myeloid leukemia |
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Of the following, which can be physiologica or pathologic, and which can be only pathologic?
Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Neoplasia, Dysplasia, Metaplasia |
Both: HyperP, HyperT, MetaP
Patho: DysP, NeoP |
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What is hyperplasia? What is it usually associated with?
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increase in cell #, increase in tissue mass (hypertrophy)
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In a diagnostic work up of a cancer patient, we must identify: (2)
Accurate diagnosis provides basis for __________ therapy. |
type of tumor, extent of disease
Evidence-based |
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What does histologic grade refer to? What are the grades?
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level of differentiation Well, moderately, poorly.
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Anatomic stage refers to...
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.... extent of spread
Tumor Size, Node involvement, Metastasis |
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Are there overlaps between hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and neoplasia?
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yes.
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What is hypertrophy? How is it different from swelling?
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increase in cell size due to production of new subcellular components (not swelling)
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What is metaplasia? It it spontaneous? Is it reversible?
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change of one differentiated cell type into another differentiated cell type. Usually an adaptive response. Usually reversible.
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Dysplasia is...
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an atypical proliferation of cells with abnormal appearance & disorderly arrangement.
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what is pleomorphism?
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variation in size and shape
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what is hyperchromasia?
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dark staining of nuclei
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what is neoplasia? They can be ______ or _______. What is an anaplastic neoplasia?
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Abnormal growth of tissue, literally "new growth." Benign or malignant.
Undifferentiated neoplasia. |
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Which of the -plasia's is typically characterized as uncoordinated and autonomous?
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Neoplasia
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what is pleomorphism?
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variation in size and shape
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what is hyperchromasia?
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dark staining of nuclei
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what is neoplasia? They can be ______ or _______. What is an anaplastic neoplasia?
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Abnormal growth of tissue, literally "new growth." Benign or malignant.
Undifferentiated neoplasia. |
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Which of the -plasia's is typically characterized as uncoordinated and autonomous?
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Neoplasia
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Are there overlaps between hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and neoplasia?
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yes.
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What is hypertrophy? How is it different from swelling?
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increase in cell size due to production of new subcellular components (not swelling)
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What is metaplasia? It it spontaneous? Is it reversible?
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change of one differentiated cell type into another differentiated cell type. Usually an adaptive response. Usually reversible.
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Dysplasia is...
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an atypical proliferation of cells with abnormal appearance & disorderly arrangement.
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Generally, which suffix is typically added for benign neoplasms?
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-oma
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What does -oma mean? What can it be added to?
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swelling, or tumor
may indicated non-neoplastic condition, benign neoplasm, or malig. neoplasm |
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What are some histological features of benign neoplasm?
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usually resembles normal counterpart. Histologically well differentiated
low mitotic rate generally well circumscribed do not metastasize (rare that this happens) |