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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anticline |
Bending of rock due to heat |
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Syncline |
Folding of rock |
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Clastic sedimentary rock |
Rock formed from eroded sediments that are carried by rivers and deposited and liquify into rock. |
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Conglomerate rocks |
Sedimentary rock that has a mixture of gravel and silt from deposition |
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Delta |
place where rivers empty into the sea and is usually very flat and made of shale |
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Transgression |
sea level rises, shoreline moves to higher grounds. The mid-stone layers farther out form over the sandstone beach, and the sand forms over the coal inland swamp. |
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Regression |
Shoreline moves outward, causing coal swamp to layer over the sand and sand to layer over the mud stone. |
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Biochemical sedimentary rock |
made of calcite, stems from shells and other fossil |
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Metamorphic rock Low grade vs high grade |
rock that changed form due to high pressure and heat. |
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Deformation depends on? |
Depth and pressure |
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Reverse Fault Thrust Fault |
Fault where the top block moves up Fault with shallow dip |
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Normal Fault |
Block on top moves down, bottom block moves up |
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Strike slip fault |
movement is parallel |
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Crustal Root |
Part of crust that supports mountains. For every 1km mountain you need 5km of root |
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Rifting |
Continental crust breaks apart and blocks form |
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How did Sicar Point Form? |
"Young" sandstone is deposited It was tilted and folded Erosion happens "old red" is on top old red is the younger rock |
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Fossil Succesion |
When of the same types of fossils are found in different spots, the rocks are the sane age. |
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Radiometric dating |
uses the numbers of parent and daughter cells and half-lives to determine age of rock. |
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Cavendish Exp. |
used a swinging pendulum and Newtons Law to find the density of the earth. Found it to be 5.448 |
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Transform boundaries |
Plates slide past each other. Quakes happen at shallow depth no valcanism |
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Deepest and most destructive quakes happen where? |
Subduction zones |
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Strike Slip faults |
shear stress, fence offset |
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Reverse faults |
compressional stress |
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Liquiifcation |
Reduction of strength and solidness of sandy areas near coasts due to water and quakes. |
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Seismographs |
Measure earth quake waves Work by using a stationary weight and pen attached to a moving spring. |
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Focus Epicenter |
The point where quake happens The surface directly above the focus, Earth quake energy travel along fault from focus |
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P waves |
Primary body wave traveling in compressional motion. The bend and refract when they pass through different types of materials in earths outer core. |
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S waves |
Body waves that are slower than p waves. they change shape while moving (shear waves) |
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Rayleigh waves |
Vertical surface waves that causes a ocean wave like motion in ground |
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Love waves |
Move in horizontal snake motion |
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Velocity of p waves in the crust |
6 km/sec |
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S waves can only travel in ____ |
solid matter. That is how we know the earth is made of different materials inside |
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How to find earth quake peicenter |
Use three seismometers in different areas. Draw the graph out on a map, and find where they intersect. |
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Shadow Xones |
Area between 104-140 degrees for p waves, where no P waves can reach here due to refracting of waves in the outer core. S waves completely stop 104-180 |
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P wave characterisitics |
travel faster in cold zones than hot they generally increase speed as u go deeper due to curves 11.7 CMB |
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moho |
the boundary between crust and matle that is separating different players. |
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Athenosphere |
rocks are close to melting |
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Fault motion towards siesmometer |
If arriving p waves makes an upward compressional movement |
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P waves in explosions |
Compressional waves travel to all 4 quadrants. |
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Virginia Earth quake |
Happened at a reverse fault 5.8 felt far away |
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Crustal shortenting |
present with anticline and syncline, |
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What rock is present in the east african rift system? |
basalt |
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What is the elevation of the congo and why so? |
300m and it unsure why it is so high up. But apparently there is a dense object in the matle that is aiding convection and create the congo basin. |
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How de we know the congo basin used to be below sea level? |
It has 1 km deep continental sediments, and 8 km deep or marine sediments. |
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India Asia Collision |
there is abnormal faulting. There is a reverse fault from compressional forces but also normal and strikeslip |
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What rock do you find in colorodoe? |
Igneous rock |