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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the properties of a mineral?
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Color, Streak, Luster, Hardness, Density, Cleavage, and Crystal Structure
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What is a mineral?
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A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid having a definite chemical composition.
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Why is a mineral inoganic?
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It is inorganic because it has not been made by or composed of life forms.
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What are two examples of non minerals?
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Fossil fuels and a pearl from an oyster.
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Why is a mineral crystalline?
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A mineral is crystalline because its atoms have a specific arrangement.
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What is the arrangement of atoms called?
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Crystal Structure
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Two or more elements?
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Compound
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What is a rock?
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Any naturally occurring formed solid that is part of Earth or any other celestial body.
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Silicate
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Silicon and Oxygen combined
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Two ways that minerals are processed
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Crystallization - organizing atoms to form crystalline solids.
Recrystallization - having atoms from the solids, liquids, and gases associated with various rock-forming environment |
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Color?
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Color of a mineral
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Streak
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The color of finely crushed residue or powder of a mineral is its streak.
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Luster
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The shine from an unweathered mineral's surface, or the way a mineral looks in reflected light.
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Hardness
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The resistance a mineral offers to being scratched.
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Density
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Each mineral has a specific density or a small range of densities - for those that vary in mineral composition.
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Cleavage
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The tendency of a mineral to break along the zones of weakness and form smooth to semi-smooth parallel sides,or surfaces.
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Crystal Structure
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The outward geometric shape of a mineral, the crystal form, or crystal shaped.
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3 rock types
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Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
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texture
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the size, and arrangement of the materials the rock is composed of
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mineral crystals
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individual grains of minerals
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Crystalline
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rocks that are made of intergrown or interconnecting mineral crystals
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Sedimentary rocks
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Rocks that form form an accumulation of sediments derived from preexisting rocks and/or organic materials.
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Cementation
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Often the clasts, such as sand, silt, and pebbles, are cemented solid fragments or sediments.
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Clastic sedimentary rock
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one that is largely composed of solid sediments, such as the sand in sandstone, or the tiny pieces of clay in shale.
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Organic
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anything related to organisms or to things that were alive
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Bioclastic sedimentary rock
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any rock made by living organisms or mostly composed of materials from life forms
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Igneous rock
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rocks that form when natural, molten rock forming material and turns into a solid.
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magma
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liquid rock material beneath earth's solid surface.
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intrusive igneous rocks
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when magma solidifies beneath Earth's solid surface, it forms these rocks.
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extrusive igneous rocks
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when lava solidifies on or above Earth's solid surface
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extrusions
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volcanic rocks, and formed landscape features
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solidification
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change from a liquid to a solid
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metamorphic rocks
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rocks that form from changes in previously existing rocks due to heat, pressure, and/or mineral fluids without weathering or melting.
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metamorphism
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process of forming metamorphic rocks
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foliation
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layering of mineral crystals.
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contact metamorphism
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when older rocks come in contact with magma of an intrusion or lava of an extrusion the heat and mineral fluids of the liquid rock alter the older rock
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regional metamorphism
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increase in temperature and pressure transforms older rocks to a series of metamorphic rocks.
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two major types of metamorphic rock textures
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foliated and non foliated
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rock cycle
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model used to show how the rock types are interrelated and shows the process that produces each rock type
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