Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
% of GDP that is healthcare in US
|
16%
|
|
employers pay what % of premiums in US (approximately)
|
74%
|
|
average famliy premium in US
|
1111
|
|
coverage for adults in US- most people have what type of insurance
what % is uninsured |
more than 50% is employer sponsored
20% are uninsured |
|
UK- what % of GDP is for healthcare
|
8.6%
|
|
UK healthcare sytsem (4) premiums, co-pays, what types of insurance are avail?
|
no family premium
some co-pays for drugs, dental care, glasses gov't pays for hospitals, doctors, etc private insurance is now available decreased waiting times |
|
benefits to US healthcare (3)
|
-easy access
-if you want something you can usually get it -a lot of research and stuff going on |
|
downsides to US healthcare (4)
|
-uninsured population- most people choose not to get it, but for many it is just too expensive
-lack of transparency in cost -bankruptcy due to health care -people avoid preventative care that they need due to cost |
|
downsides to UK healthcare (5)
|
-care is rationed- you can't get something if it's not determined you absolutely need it
-e.g. zyrtec- not offered due to cost, even if you really want it -have to go through gatekeeper even if they are out of town (have to wait) -everyone has it bad, equally -you are assigned to one primary care doctor, you can't switch -high taxes |
|
benefits to UK healthcare (2)
|
it's free
everyone has a doc so good preventative care |
|
dartmouth atlas- what does it show? (2)
|
shows practice area variation across the country for specific things like cancer therapy at end of life, etc.
assumption that variation is all caused by inappropriate care is not accurate- there are certain diseases where it isn't known exactly what the best next step is |
|
command system definition
|
central authority makes all the decisions (like in the UK?)
|
|
Germany % of GDP that is healthcare
|
10.7% of GDP is healthcare
|
|
average family premium in germany
copays |
$750 average family premium (adjusted for income)
$15 co-pays every three months |
|
sickness funds- properties/what they do (3)
|
non-profit
cannot deny coverage based on pre-existing conditions bargain with doctors |
|
% of germany that has private insurance
|
10%
|
|
idk i think i need to know which is mixed, command, free market system...
|
--listen to lecture
|
|
which healthcare system is a command system?
|
UK
|
|
issue with command systems (2)
|
government makes decisions based on an average so it might be really good for some and shitty for others
poor still get less healthcare than rich |
|
mixed system example
|
germany
and US kinda |
|
mixed system definition
|
Market-based system in which the central authority is involved (to a greater or lesser extent)
|
|
benefit of mixed system
|
close loopholes (like pre-existing conditions- govt can close
|
|
disadvantages of mixed system (2)
|
ways to game the system like lobby your congressman
not maximizing individual satisfaction (based on averages) |
|
Taiwan system- % of GDP
avg family premium how it is run |
6.3% of GDP is healthcare
$650 average family premium (split with employers) One government-run insurance company |
|
copays in Taiwan (cost of drugs, traditional meds)
|
Co-pays: 20% of cost of drugs, up to $6.50, $7.00 for traditional medicine
|
|
benefits of taiwan system (5)
|
-very low admin costs
-cheap -easy to pull up records/switch around docs -have choices -no waiting times |
|
downside of taiwan system (3)
|
-system is broke
-people go for frivolous reasons (no gate keeper) -government watching |
|
swiss healthcare- who is doing the covering? (2)
|
Non-profit insurance companies accept all patients
Insurance companies offer supplemental coverage- not like germany where you have option to opt out- but you can buy supplemental coverage |
|
copays in swiss
|
10% of cost of all services, up to $420 per year
|
|
Swiss:
% of GDP that is healthcare avg family premium |
11.6% of GDP is healthcare
$750 average family premium |
|
benefits of swiss healthcare system (3)
|
-non profit status + competition = not bad solution
-universal coverage -no adverse selection- everyone has to buy in |
|
Japan system- % of GDP
average family premium |
8% of GDP is healthcare
$280 average family premium |
|
5 benefits of jap system
|
take care of people very well (good preventive care)
universal choice of doctors low cost due to banning insurance company profits and limiting doctor fees |
|
Japan system- co-pays how much?
who is covering insurance (2) |
30% of the cost of procedures
Insurance is provided by employers or community-based insurance companies The government negotiates prices with providers. |
|
disadvantages of jap system (3)
|
Not making enough money (bankrupt)
More people go to health care than needed (price so low you get MRIs for everything) basically, prices are too low |
|
vet system vs. man healthcare system (4)
|
all payments made in cash
no waiting gov't provides free care for poor animals competitive (limited govt involvement though) |
|
downside to vet system
|
really expensive treatments that are hard to pay for
|
|
wtf is moral hazard
|
---
|
|
closest system to market system
|
vet system
|
|
market system definition
|
Decisions made by consumers and producers pursuing their own interests
|
|
market system benefit and downside
|
efficient (you give what services are wanted) but not equal for all
|
|
CHIP (children's health insurance program)
|
a program for low income children who do not qualify for Medicaid.
|
|
4 public healthcare programs in US
|
medicare
medicaid CHIP other fed/state/county lvl assistance programs |
|
7 public options avail in iowa
|
hawk-i: Healthy and Well Kids in Iowa
Health Insurance Premium Payment (HIPP) Program AIDS/HIV Health Insurance Premium Payment Program IowaCare Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Medicaid for Employed People with Disabilities (MEPD) Medicaid for Kids with Special Needs |
|
2 types of private health insurance available in US
|
employer based
individual health insurance |
|
4 private options for paying for healthcare
|
private insurance
private pay (out of pocket) charities co-op (group that pools together risk) |
|
bulk of health expenditures were on what? (2)
|
hospital care and physicians
|
|
healthcare system composed of...(3)
distribution (which is most) |
hospitals
nursing facilities am care more care is in am care but this is not where all the costs come from (most cost comes from hospital care) |
|
% of healthcare practitioners that are pharmacists
|
0.5% are pharmacists
|
|
% spending of GDP on healthcare- who the highest
second highest |
US!
then swiss |
|
describe growth of total health expenditure (% of GDP) of the US
|
around 1977 started huge upwards slope
|