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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How definition of intellectual disability changed over the past several decades |
from 'subaverage general intellectual functioning' to using IQ to 'intellectual disability' |
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Identify 3 key elements of 1992 AAIDD definition of intellectual disability and explain how they are conceptually interrelated |
Individual, environment, type of support needed - interrelated b/c it reflects 'fit' btw person's capabilities and structure and expectations of environment |
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Why assessment of intelligence is such a controversial issue |
Intelligence and understanding of it is extremely complex, mysterious, and complicated |
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Adaptive behavior and how it's assessed |
Ability of individual to meet standards of personal independence as well as social responsibility appropriate for their chronological age and cultural group - direct observation/structured interviews/standardized scales |
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4 different strategies for classifying individuals w/ intellectual disabilities |
Etiological perspective, intellectual deficits, educational perspective, levels of support |
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How society's view and understanding of persons who're intellectually disabled changed over centuries |
from eugenics and infanticide to development of large, geographically isolated institutions for individuals w/ intellectual disability |
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Factors that have contributed to gradual reduction in number of individuals classified as intellectually disabled |
benefits of prevention and early intervention, changing definitions, and improved referral tactics |
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7 possible causes of intellectual disability and example of each |
chromosomal abnormalities - down syndrome, metabolic and nutritional disorders - phenylketonuria, maternal infections - rubella, environmental conditions - fetal alcohol syndrome, unknown influences - anencephaly, gestational disorders - low birth weight, neonatal complications - hypoxia |
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How learned helplessness, outer-directedness, and generalizing affect learning in students w/ intellectual disability |
learned helplessness - causes students to stop trying, outer-directedness - lack of motivation and increased dependence, generalizing - learning's situation-specific |
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functional academics and how it's related to community-based instruction |
application of life skills as means of teaching academic tasks - community-based instruction is way of teaching functional academics |
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Cooperative learning and why it's popular educational technique |
instructional learning whereby heterogeneous groups of students work together on assignment - emphasizes working toward common goal |
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Necessary steps for effectively using scaffolding w/ students w/ intellectual disability |
begins w/ what student already knows, new info's presented in logical sequence, apply and practice |
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How family-centered early intervention influenced programming activities for young children w/ intellectual disability |
now focuses on empowering family |
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Distinguish btw sheltered workshop for adults w/ intellectual disability and contemporary practice of supported competitive employment |
Sheltered workshop - structured work environment for persons w/ disabilities in which vocational and social skills are often focus of attention. at worksite for typical workers, individuals w/ disabilities're employed and work alongside their typical peers but recieve ongoing assistance from job coach |
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how assistive tech benefits individuals w/ intellectual disability |
augmentative and alternative communication (aac) - symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques used as supplement/alternative to oral language |
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2 main categories of communication disorder |
speech and language |
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how idea defines speech and language impairments |
"communication disorder, such as stuttering/impaired articulation/language impairment/voice impairment, that adversely affects child's educational performance" |
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3 broad categories of speech disorders and example of each |
articulation disorders - omissions, fluency disorders - stuttering, voice disorders - phonation |
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Language and how it's different from speech |
code used to communicate ideas via conventional system of arbitrary signals; speech is expression of language |
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Several factors that cause/contribute to voice disorders |
larynx disorders, phonation disorders, abnormal production and/or absences of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration, which is inappropriate for individual's age and/or sex" |
