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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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SA Node |
The normal heartbeat is the result of an electrical impulse that starts where? |
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True |
A rhythm that begins in the SA node has positive upright p waves before each qrs and p waves that look alike. Constant pr intervals at 0.12-0.20. True/false |
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Dysrhythmia (arrhythmia) |
A sign of abnormal electrical activity |
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Medications or diseases |
An impulse that begins in the sa node may be affected by what? |
What two categories |
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True |
An impulse that begins in the sa node may be affected by diseases that: -cause hr to speed up, slow down, or beat irregularly -delay or block impulse from leaving the sa node -prevent an impulse from being generated in the sa node |
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Sa node |
This fires faster than any other part of the conduction system and is normally the primary pacemaker |
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60-100 bpm |
This is the normal hr of an adult |
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100-160 bpm |
This is the hr of an infant |
If it falls less than 60, start cpr and call dr |
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Normal sinus rhythm |
Rate: 60-100bpm Rhythm: p-p or r-r regular P waves: positive, upright in lead II and precedes each qrs complex PR interval: constant 0.12-0.20 sec QRS: under 0.12 sec (unless intraventricular conduction delay exists) |
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Sinus bradycardia |
Rate: under 60 bpm Rhythm: rr or pp regular P waves: positive, upright in lead 2 PR interval: 0.12-0.20 sec QRS: under 0.12 sec |
Common in well conditioned athletes Occurs in adults and kids during sleep 35% under 25 yo while at rest |
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Causes of bradycardia |
*Beta blockers medication *increased intracranial pressure Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypothyroidism Disease of SA node |
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S/s of hemodynamic compromise |
Changes in mental status Restlessness Confusion Possible loss of consciousness Shortness of breath CHF Cold, clammy skin |
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Sinus tachycardia |
Rate: 101-180 Rhythm: pp rr regular interval P waves: upright in lead II preceding qrs ( at very fast rates, may be hard to tell difference between p and t wave) PR interval: 0.12-0.20 (may shorten w faster rates) QRS: under 0.12 |
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Causes of tachycardia |
Fever Pain Anxiety Exercise Medications: epinephrine, dopamine Nicotine Cocaine Caffeine |
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Sinus arrhythmia |
Heart (sa node fires off) is beating irregularly |
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Recognizing sinus arrhythmia |
Rate: usually 60-100 bpm, could be slower or faster Rhythm: irregular, phasic w respiration Hr increases during inhalation (rr intervals shorten) Hr decreases w expiration (rr intervals lengthen) P waves: positive upright in lead II PR interval: 0.12-0.20 sec QRS: under 10 sec |
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Causes of sinus arrhythmia |
- associated w phases of respiration and in between thorax pressure -most commonly observed in kids/adults under 30 |
Respiratory |
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Causes of sinus arrhythmia |
Seen in older adults and those w heart disease Common after acute inferior wall MI May be caused by meds: morphine, digitalis May be seen w increased intracranial pressure |
Nonrespiratory |
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SA Block |
This results in periodically absent pqrst complexes. Impulses are blocked as it exits the sa node |
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Recognizing SA Block |
Rate: usually normal but varies because of the pause Rhythm: irregular due to pauses caused by the sa block- pause is the same as the distance btwn two other pp intervals |
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Sinus Arrest |
Sinus impulses are not generated Results in absent pqrst complexes When sa node fails to generate an impulse, an escape pacemaker assumes responsibility like av juntion or ventricles |
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Recognizing sinus arrest |
Rate: usually normal but varies b/c of pause Rhythm: irregular -the pause is undetermined length, more than one pqrst complex is missing. Longer line |
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