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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Data
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Observations(such as measurements, genders, survey responses) that have been collected.
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Statistics
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A collection of methods for planning studies and experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions about the entire population.
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Population
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The complete collection of all elements(scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied.
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Census
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The collection of data from every member of the population.
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Sample
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A subcollection of members selected from a population.
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Parameter
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A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population.
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Statistic
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A numerical example describing some characteristic of a sample.
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Quantitative Data
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Consist of numbers representing counts or measurements.
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Qualitative Data
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Can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some nonnumeric characteristic.
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Nominal level of measurement
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Data that consists of names, labels, or categories only.
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Ordinal level of measurement
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Can be arranged in some order, but difference between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless.
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Interval level of measurement
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Like the ordinal level, with the additional property that the difference between any two data values is meaningful.
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Ratio level of measurement
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There is a natural zero starting point. And is also like the interval level.
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Voluntary Response Sample
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One which the respondents themselves decide whether to be included.
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Pictographs
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Drawings of objects.
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Confounding
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Occurs in an experiment when you are not able to distinguish among the effects of different factors.
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Random Sample
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Members of the population are selected in such a way that each individual member has a chance of being selected.
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Sampling error
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The difference between a sample result and the true population result; such as error results from chance sample fluctuations.
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Nonsampling error
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Occurs when the sample data are incorrectly collected, recorded, or analyzed.
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