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106 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
National Scope of Practice for the EMT |
An integrated, interdependent EMS education system that strives to improve patient care and safety, allow reciprocity between states, and and decrease public confusion by establishing the four levels of practice. |
pg. 5 |
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Four national EMS certifications |
Emergency medical responder (EMR) Emergency medical technician (EMT) Advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT) Paramedic |
pg. 5-6 |
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Medical Director definition |
A medical physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and patient care aspects of EMS. Provides medical direction and oversees EMS education programs, refresher courses and continuing education. |
pg. 11-12 |
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Medical Director requirements |
Earn a medical degree. Complete medical training. Pursue board certification. Become licensed to practice medicine. Consider earning voluntary certification. Gain clinical teaching experience. |
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Standing orders |
A subset of protocols that do not require real-time physician input to perform treatment. |
pg. 12 |
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Protocols |
Comprise a full set of guidelines that define the entire scope of medical care. Triage, treatment, transport, destination |
pg. 12 |
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On-line medical direction |
Takes place when the EMS provider and physician communicate through phone call, radio, or video transmissions to provide immediate feedback and medical direction to the EMS personnel regarding patient diagnosis, condition, and emergency care. |
pg. 11 |
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Off-line medical direction |
A function of indirect medical oversight where treatment is provided through a set of predetermined and written guidelines (standing orders) that allow the EMT to use their judgment to administer emergency medical care without a direct line with a physician. |
pg. 12 |
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Standard precautions |
Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes. |
pg. 26-27 |
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Body substance isolation |
Avoiding contact with all moist and potentially infectious body substances except sweat even if blood not present. Strict Isolation, Respiratory Isolation, Protective Isolation, Enteric Precautions, Wound and Skin Precautions, Discharge Precautions, and Blood Precautions. Jan 1, 1996. |
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Communicable disease |
One that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus: or by being bitten by an insect. |
pg. 27 |
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Pathogens |
Microorganisms found in the environment that cause diseases. Includes: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths. |
pg. 26 |
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Helping families cope with grief |
Do everything possible to maintain the patient's dignity. Show the greatest respect for the patient. Communicate. Allow family members to express themselves. Listen empathetically. Do not give false assurances. Use a gentle tone. Take appropriate steps if the family wants to touch or hold the body after death. Do what you can to comfort the family. |
pg. 21 |
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Reflective safety vests |
Helps create visibility in darkness from nearby vehicles. |
pg. 37 |
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DNR |
Do not resuscitate. |
pg. 49 |
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When do DNRs become effective? |
Check if physician's instructions are clear, concise, and unambiguous or written on a professional letterhead. It must be presented on scene. |
pg. 50 |
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Standards of Care definition |
The degree of care a prudent and reasonable person would exercise under similar circumstances. |
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Expressed Consent |
Obtained from a conscious and rational adult upon being given an assessment and the procedures to be conducted. Verbal confirmation is preferred, but non-verbal cues are also accepted. It is good practice to document the patient's approval. |
pg. 49 |
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Implied Consent |
Conducted on an unresponsive or irrational patient with the implication being that permission would be given if they were able. |
pg. 49 |
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Minor consent |
Consent to treat a minor must be obtained from a parent, legal guardian, or other person who has been granted limited rights of decision making by the parents. |
pg. 49 |
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Involuntary consent |
Applied when dealing with a mentally incompetent adult or an individual in the custody of law enforcement or incarcerated. |
pg. 49 |
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Neglicence |
Duty to act Breach of duty Suffered harm or injury Approximate cause |
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Legal Aspects |
Assault Abandonment Battery False imprisonment |
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When can a patient refuse? |
When a healthcare provider sufficiently informs you about the treatment options, you have the right to accept or refuse treatment. It is unethical to physically force or coerce someone into treatment against their will if they are of sound mind and are mentally capable of making an informed decision. |
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How to protect against liability on EMS |
EMS providers can be protected from claims of malpractice under their states' immunity laws, but such laws can differ widely in their construction and effect. Have them sign an AMA form |
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Good Samaritan Laws |
A person who in good faith administers emergency care at the scene of an emergency or in a hospital is not liable in civil damages for an act performed during the emergency unless the act is willfully or wantonly negligent". |
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HIPAA & Privacy |
The Rule requires appropriate safeguards to protect the privacy of protected health information and sets limits and conditions on the uses and disclosures that may be made of such information without an individual's authorization. |
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Who can share info of the patient? |
Any medical care team with another medical care provider. |
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Active listening |
Active listening is a way of listening and responding to another person that improves mutual understanding. |
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Open ended vs. Closed ended questions |
Open-ended questions are those that provide respondents with a question prompt and provide them a space in which to construct their own response. Closed-ended questions, alternatively, provide a question prompt and ask respondents to choose from a list of possible responses. |
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Procedure for receiving orders via radio or phone |
Echo or repeat the orders back to the physician. |
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Body Mechanics and proper lifting techniques |
Keep a wide base of support. . Squat down, bending at the hips and knees only. .. Keep good posture. Slowly lift by straightening your hips and knees (not your back)... Hold the load as close to your body as possible, at the level of your belly button. |
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Baby Safe Haven |
Approximately seven States require parents to relinquish their infants only to a hospital, emergency medical services provider, or health-care facility. |
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S.O.A.P. |
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan |
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C.H.A.R.T. |
Chief Complaint History (Past & Present) Assessment Rx Treatment |
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Proper radio communication procedures |
Don't broadcast disparaging or embarrassing comments. Don't jump to conclusions. |
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Anatomy |
the science that studies the structure of the body. |
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Physiology |
the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions. |
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Agonal respiration |
Gasping (usually seen before death). |
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Minute volume (& formula) |
Minute ventilation is the tidal volume times the respiratory rate usually, 500 ml * 12 breaths/min • 6000 mL/min. Increasing respiratory rate or tidal volume will increase minute ventilation. |
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Late adulthood characteristics |
Loss of independence is major concern. Most are healthy. |
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White blood cells |
They help the body fight infection and other diseases. |
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Red blood cells |
Carries oxygen attached to iron sites within the hemoglobin. |
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Platelets |
a small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting. |
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Plasma |
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. About 55% of our blood is plasma. |
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Ventilation |
Passage of air through the body from the nose/mouth all the way into the lungs |
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Perfusion |
the passage of blood, a blood substitute, or other fluid through the blood vessels or other natural channels in an organ or tissue. |
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Voluntary muscles |
A voluntary muscle is a muscle that you choose to move, like those in the arms and legs, as opposed to the ones that move automatically, like the heart. |
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Involuntary muscles |
the ones that do not move or contract under the conscious control of a person, ie, these muscles work automatically. These muscles line the organs like the urinary bladder, blood vessels, stomach, intestine, etc. |
pg. 141 |
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Aerobic metabolism |
The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products. |
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Anaerobic metabolism |
The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid. |
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Ball and Socket joint |
shoulder and hip joints, allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements. |
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Condyloid joint |
a type of synovial joint In one articular surface of the bone, there is an ovoid convexity in which it articulates with other bone having an ellipsoidal cavity. |
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Pulse pressure |
the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. |
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Cyanosis |
Bluish discoloration of the skin. |
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Diaphoresis |
Excessive sweating. |
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Evchymosis |
Discoloration of the skin from internal bleeding, typically caused by bruising. |
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Sections of the Spinal Column |
cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccy |
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Femur |
Thigh bone |
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Clavicle |
Collarbone |
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Tibia |
Shin bone |
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Metatarsals |
Foot bones |
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Metacarpals |
hand bones |
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Ulna |
Medial bone of the forearm |
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Radius |
Lateral bone of the forearm |
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Scapula |
Shoulder blade |
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Humerus |
upper arm bone |
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Patella |
Kneecap |
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Pubis |
The medial anterior portion of the pelvis |
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Sternum |
Chest bone |
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Xiphoid process |
bottom of sternum |
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Distal |
Farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. |
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Proximal |
Closer to the point of attachment. |
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Lateral |
away from the midline |
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Medial |
toward the midline |
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Superior |
Higher on the body, nearer to the head. |
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Inferior |
Lower on the body, farther from the head |
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Midauxillary line |
An imaginary vertical line that starts at the middle of the axilla (armpit) and extends down the side of the chest. |
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Midclavicular line |
An imaginary line on the chest that runs vertically through the center of the clavicle |
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Midline |
An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves. |
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Inhalation |
breathing in. |
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Exhalation |
breathing out. |
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Location of gas exchange |
alveoli and capillaries in lungs capillary beds and cells throughout the body |
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Normal stimulus for breathing |
CO2 levels |
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Cardiac muscles |
Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. |
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Smooth muscle |
Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body. |
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Skeletal muscle |
A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones. bones. |
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Minute volume |
Amount of air moving in and out of lungs each minute (-8,000 mL); TV × RR = MV |
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Age Groups |
Neonate- birth to 4 weeks Infant-1 month - 1 year Toddler 1-3 years Preschool 3-6 years School age 6-12 years Adolescent 12-18 years |
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Parts of the skull |
Pg 138 |
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Boyle' law and how it affects the mechanics of ventilation |
the volume of a gas and pressure are proportional at a given temperature. in other words when the pressure increases, the volume decrease and vice versa An increase of pressure wil decrease the volume of a decrease in pressure will increase the volume of |
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Oxygen concentration in the ambient air |
21% |
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Aorta |
The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body. |
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Coronary arteries |
blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. |
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Carotid artery |
The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain. |
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Femoral artery |
the major artery supplying the leg. |
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Dorsalis pedis artery |
artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe. |
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Posterior pedis artery |
maior artery in the back of foot. |
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Posterior tibial artery |
artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle. |
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Brachial artery |
The maior vessel in the upper extremity that supplie blood to the arm. |
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Radial artery |
The major artery in the forearm: it is palpable at th wrist on the thumb side. |
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Pulmonary artery |
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the hea to the lungs. |
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Five stages of grief |
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance |
pg. 20 |
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Cleaning |
The process of washing a soiled object with soap and water. |
pg. 31 |
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Disinfecting |
Cleaning with a hospital-grade disinfectant or germicide to kill most of the microorganisms covering a surface. |
pg. 31 |
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Sterilization |
The process by which an object is subjected to a chemical or physical substance that kills all microorganisms on a surface. |
pg. 31 |