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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the panpiniform plexus?
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vascular bundle of the teste
warm arterial blood dissipates heat to the cooler venous blood helps to maintain scrotal temperature for spermatogenesis |
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Maturation and storage of sperm; absorption of fluid occurs where?
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epididymus
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Secretion of fructose, PGs, ascorbic/citric acid, amino acids,
etc. 60% of seminal fluid production. occurs in what structure? |
Seminal vesicles
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sperm develop in what structure within the teste?
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seminiferous tubule (starts in the epithelium and matures until in lumen)
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what are the 4 stages of spermatogenesis
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spermatogonial proliferation - mitosis
meiosis – reduction division (~24 days) spermiogenesis - transformation from round spermatids into spermatozoa spermiation – release into lumen of seminiferous tubule |
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male vs female
synchronous spermatogenesis/oogenesis |
Males: Synchronous (all the cells are linked and mature at a common rate)
Females: a-synchronous (kind of random as to which oocyte wins out with maturing) |
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please discuss the H-P-Testis axis
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GnRH-->ant pit-->LH/FSH
FSH: Sertoli cells- Inhibin (tuns off FSH) LH: Leydig cells- Testosterone (regulates GnRH) |
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what hormone is required for the initiation of spermatogenesis? what other effect does this hormone have on spermatogenesis?
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FSH
it also controls the rate of spermatogenesis |
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lack of what hormone will lead to atrophy of many the testicular structures?
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Testosterone
trophic for epididymus, prostate, seminal vesicles converted to dihydrotestosterone / estradiol circulates bound to albumin or SHBG |
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what produces inhibin B? what does it do (male)
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produced by Sertoli cells; (-) FSH
marker of testicular function |
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what is the role of estrogen in the teste?
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fluid absorption
prevents blockage of the tubes |
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What is AMH produced by? Use? (males)
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product produced by Sertoli cells; marker of testes
if a person's balls never dropped and you need to find out if they are actually even there, you check AMH. If you see AMH then you have balls, if not....sorrrrrrrryyyyy |
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what makes up the blood testis barrier? Importance?
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gap junctions connect sertoli cells: forms blood testis barrier, prevents immune response to developing sperm (which might be seen as non-self)
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what is the importance of androgen binding protein? what produces it?
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allows testosterone to bind to it and increase the level of testosterone in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis is occurring
produced by: sertoli cells |
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what cell phagocytizes degenerating germ cells?
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Sertoli cells
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what cell produces testosterone?
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Leydig cells
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where do sperm gain motility? what else happens here?
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Epididymus
this is the maturation site! storage occurs here |
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What is capacitation? where does it occur?
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change in mbrane fluidity, metabolism, intracellular [ion], pH,
rendering the spermatazoan fertilization competent OCCURS IN FEMALE necessary for acrosome reaction note: decapatication factors in seminal fluid / epididymus |
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if a person has problems getting it up (ya know, a woody, boner, stiffy, hard on, fatty, nub love, sunburn sheet protection) what can you do?
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Block PDE 5
keeps levels of cGMP which leads to smooth muscle relaxation |
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what is emission and ejaculation?
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Emission: deposition of semen in posterior urethra
- entry of semen into bladder blocked by closure of bladder sphincter thoracolumbar sympathetic induced smooth muscle contraction associated with epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, seminal vesicles, prostate closure of bladder sphincter in response to sympathetic activation Ejaculation: ejection of semen out urethra somatic pudental efferents to striated muscles of the pelvic floor and bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus (levator ani) muscles propels semen through urethra |
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What is Andropause?
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↓ in circulating total serum [testosterone]
values remain within normal range Leydig cell response to gonadotropins ↓ [inhibin] ↓ ↓ Leydig cell number patchy degeneration of seminiferous epithelium |
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What is a testicular varicocele?
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kind of like vericose veins of the ballsack
problem with valves in veins draining the testes most common in men between 15 and 25 years seen most on left side of scrotum may be palpable or observable on gross exam common cause of male infertility |
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how can obesity effect male fertility?
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you get FAT BALLS
literally fat in the scrotum that increases the heat of the scrotum thus killing off some spermys |