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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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All of the following actions would threaten the ocean's ability to provide ecosystem goods and services except |
A. installing solar panels in coastal communities B. soil erosion from coastal construction sites C. fishing using bottom trawlers D. using large amounts of pesticides and fertilizers E. dumping motor oil down storm drains in coastal areas |
A. installing solar panels in coastal communitie sB. soil erosion from coastal construction sites C. fishing using bottom trawlers D. using large amounts of pesticides and fertilizers E. dumping motor oil down storm drains in coastal areas |
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Match the human activity to its correct consequence for marine ecosystems. |
A. drill for oil ---- coral bleaching B. fertilizer use ---- ocean acidification C. fishing with dynamite ----algal blooms D. release of ballast water from ships ---- introduction of invasive species E. none of the above human activities is matched to its correct consequence |
A. drill for oil ---- coral bleaching B. fertilizer use ---- ocean acidification C. fishing with dynamite ----algal blooms D. release of ballast water from ships ---- introduction of invasive species E. none of the above human activities is matched to its correct consequence |
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According to the recent BBC Report "Chemical clue to why seabirds eat plastic", what appears to explain the attraction of sea birds to plastic floating in the ocean as a source of food? |
A. the smell of seaweed that is absorbed by the plastic B. the ability of plastic to float and reflect light C. the location where plastic particles accumulate D. the size and shape of the plastic particles that look like food E. the tan colour of the plastic which resembles plankton |
A. the smell of seaweed that is absorbed by the plastic B. the ability of plastic to float and reflect light C. the location where plastic particles accumulate D. the size and shape of the plastic particles that look like food E. the tan colour of the plastic which resembles plankton |
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Many people consider the open ocean to be an example of a "commons" accessible to everyone. Why? |
A. The open ocean supports the highest biodiversity of fish and other marine organisms. B. The open ocean is where many different fish populations congregate for feeding and breeding. C. The open ocean is actually an area where fishing is prohibited. D. The open ocean is the ideal environment for aquaculture. E. The open ocean provides an international fishing area with no ownership and no one in control. |
A. The open ocean supports the highest biodiversity of fish and other marine organisms.B. The open ocean is where many different fish populations congregate for feeding and breeding.C. The open ocean is actually an area where fishing is prohibited.D. The open ocean is the ideal environment for aquaculture.E. The open ocean provides an international fishing area with no ownership and no one in control. |
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Which of the following is not a problem associated with open water net pen aquaculture? |
A. Disruption of land-based human activities in coastal communities B. Increased rates of disease and parasites relative to wild fish C. Increased use of antibiotics and pesticides D. Release of large amounts of waste into the environment E. Concern about escape of non-native or GMO species into wild populations |
A. Disruption of land-based human activities in coastal communities B. Increased rates of disease and parasites relative to wild fish C. Increased use of antibiotics and pesticides D. Release of large amounts of waste into the environment E. Concern about escape of non-native or GMO species into wild populations |
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Garbage, debris and tiny bits of plastic gather in specific areas of the world's oceans where strong currents circle around areas with very weak, or even no, currents. What are these regions called? |
A. gyres B. downwellings C. plankton layers D. upwellings E. continental shelves |
A. gyres B. downwellings C. plankton layers D. upwellings E. continental shelves |
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Which of the following is true of eutrophication in marine systems? |
A. It is rare and occurs only in bad weather. B. It can aid corals by killing parasites. C. It can lead to harmful algal blooms that kill fish. D. It provides needed limiting nutrients. E. It can aid corals by providing their symbiotic algae with nutrients. |
A. It is rare and occurs only in bad weather. B. It can aid corals by killing parasites. C. It can lead to harmful algal blooms that kill fish. D. It provides needed limiting nutrients. E. It can aid corals by providing their symbiotic algae with nutrients. |
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What term is used to describe the pre-production plastic pellets that are transported around the world for subsequent plastic production (e.g. styrofoam) |
A. nanoplankton B. nurdles C. nanoparticles D. neuston E. noodles |
A. nanoplankton B. nurdles C. nanoparticles D. neuston E. noodles |
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Which statement about coral reefs is false? |
A. Coral reefs help protect shorelines from storms. B. Most coral reefs are found between 30 degrees north latitude and 30 degrees south latitude. C. Coastal development does not affect coral reefs because they develop far away from the shore. D. Coral reefs serve as a source of current and potential medicines. E. Overfishing is a major cause of coral reef destruction. |
A. Coral reefs help protect shorelines from storms. B. Most coral reefs are found between 30 degrees north latitude and 30 degrees south latitude. C. Coastal development does not affect coral reefs because they develop far away from the shore. D. Coral reefs serve as a source of current and potential medicines. E. Overfishing is a major cause of coral reef destruction. |
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The Marine Trophic Index has decreased dramatically since 1990. What does this statement mean? |
A. Invasive species are taking over the oceans. B. Higher-level predators are declining in numbers .C. Whale numbers have made a dramatic increase .D. All of the choices above are true. E. None of the choices above are true. |
A. Invasive species are taking over the oceans .B. Higher-level predators are declining in numbers. C. Whale numbers have made a dramatic increase. D. All of the choices above are true. E. None of the choices above are true. |
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Many nations have tried to protect their fisheries by the creation of ______ which extend 200 nautical miles from the coastline and give exclusive rights over marine resources. |
A. marine protection areas B. exclusive fishing zones C. inclusive economic zones D. exclusive economic zones E. marine reserves |
A. marine protection areas B. exclusive fishing zones C. inclusive economic zones D. exclusive economic zones E. marine reserves |
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What causes “red tides”? |
A. nutrient upwelling B. increased ocean carbon dioxide content C. increased ocean oxygen content D. nutrient pollution leading to marine algal blooms E. the position of the moon |
A. nutrient upwelling B. increased ocean carbon dioxide content C. increased ocean oxygen content D. nutrient pollution leading to marine algal blooms E. the position of the moon |
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Match the strategy with the correct consequence that explains how the threat to marine ecosystems could be reduced. |
A. banning release of ballast water from ships - reduces ocean acidification B. reducing beachfront development - reduces overfishing C. transitioning to non-fossil fuel energy sources - reduces algal blooms D. prohibiting bottom trawling - prevents introduction of invasive species E. designating marine protected areas - enables recovery of fish stocks from overfishing and pollution |
A. banning release of ballast water from ships - reduces ocean acidification B. reducing beachfront development - reduces overfishing C. transitioning to non-fossil fuel energy sources - reduces algal blooms D. prohibiting bottom trawling - prevents introduction of invasive species E. designating marine protected areas - enables recovery of fish stocks from overfishing and pollution |
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of currents? |
A. They are driven by gravity. B. They are driven by temperature. C. They are driven by pH differences. D. They are driven by wind. E. They are driven by density differences. |
A. They are driven by gravity. B. They are driven by temperature. C. They are driven by pH differences. D. They are driven by wind. E. They are driven by density differences. |
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Ecological concerns regarding plastics in oceans include which of the following? |
A. Sea mammals can get tangled in discarded plastic items such as fishing nets and six-pack rings. B. Seabirds eat bits of plastic, mistaking it for food, and may end up choking on the plastic. C.Plastic absorbs fat-soluble pollutants such as PCBs and DDT; these are toxins known to bioaccumulate in the tissues of marine organisms and biomagnify up food chains. D.Floating bits of plastic can serve as attachment points for fish eggs, and many types of larval and juvenile organisms and thus could potentially transport harmful, invasive species to new areas. E. All of the above are concerns regarding plastics in oceans. |
A. Sea mammals can get tangled in discarded plastic items such as fishing nets and six-pack rings. B. Seabirds eat bits of plastic, mistaking it for food, and may end up choking on the plastic. C.Plastic absorbs fat-soluble pollutants such as PCBs and DDT; these are toxins known to bioaccumulate in the tissues of marine organisms and biomagnify up food chains. D.Floating bits of plastic can serve as attachment points for fish eggs, and many types of larval and juvenile organisms and thus could potentially transport harmful, invasive species to new areas. E. All of the above are concerns regarding plastics in oceans. |
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Nutrient rich areas where shallow rivers meet the ocean are known as |
A. open ocean B. coral reefs C. abyssal zones D. estuaries E. intertidal zones |
A. open ocean B. coral reefs C. abyssal zones D. estuaries E. intertidal zones |
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What term describes the area that underlies the shallow water bordering the continents |
A. the bathymetric zone B. the hadal zone C. the topographic shelf E. the surface zone |
A. the bathymetric zone B. the hadal zone C. the topographic shelf D. the continental shelf E. the surface zone |
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In 1999, Captain Charles Moore discovered the garbage island in the North Pacific Gyre. At the time the ratio of plastic to plankton was estimated to be about 6 to 1. Ten years later (in 2009), what was the estimated ratio of plankton to plastic? |
A. 1 to 36 B. 1 to 6 C. 1 to 50 D. 1 to 1 E. 1 to 100 |
A. 1 to 36 B. 1 to 6 C. 1 to 50 D. 1 to 1 E. 1 to 100 |
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Where does the majority of ocean pollution come from? |
A. atmospheric contaminants that enter the ocean via precipitation B. offshore mining and oil drilling activities C. accidental oil spills from oil tankers transporting crude oil D. human activities on land that runoff into ocean ecosystems E. deliberate dumping of litter in the ocean by cruise ships |
A. atmospheric contaminants that enter the ocean via precipitation B. offshore mining and oil drilling activities C. accidental oil spills from oil tankers transporting crude oil D. human activities on land that runoff into ocean ecosystems E. deliberate dumping of litter in the ocean by cruise ships |
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The first genetically-modified fish has recently been approved for human consumption in Canada and the United States. What type of genetically-modified fish has been approved? |
A. Greenland halibut B. Atlantic salmon C. Atlantic cod D. Albacore tuna E. Pacific salmon |
A. Greenland halibut B. Atlantic salmon C. Atlantic cod D. Albacore tuna E. Pacific salmon |
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What is likely to be the most important global impact of bycatch? |
A. loss of ocean biodiversity B. increase in invasive species C. habitat destruction D. acidification and coral bleaching E. sediment pollution |
A. loss of ocean biodiversity B. increase in invasive species C. habitat destruction D. acidification and coral bleaching E. sediment pollution |
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Non-target species that become trapped in fishing nets and are usually discarded are known as |
A. endangered species B. bycatch C. depleted fisheries D. fishing down the food chain E. target catch |
A. endangered species B. bycatch C. depleted fisheries D. fishing down the food chain E. target catch |
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What is the greatest threat to coral reefs? |
A. marine-based pollution B. inland pollution C. plastic pollution D. overfishing E. none of the choices listed above is the greatest threat |
A. marine-based pollution B. inland pollution C. plastic pollution D. overfishing E. none of the choices listed above is the greatest threat |
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More than half of the world's fisheries are at ___________, the amount of fish that can be harvested without decreasing the yield in future years |
A. bycatch yield B. fishery maximum yield C. maximum sustainable yield D. overexploitation yield E. depletion yield |
A. bycatch yield B. fishery maximum yield C. maximum sustainable yield D. overexploitation yield E. depletion yield |
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In 1992, the Canadian government |
A. gave subsidies to fishers who were losing money because of low fish harvests B. banned the use of deep-water trawling C. ordered a complete ban on cod fishing D. started harvesting manganese nodules from the ocean floor E. enacted laws to protect many species of whales |
A. gave subsidies to fishers who were losing money because of low fish harvests B. banned the use of deep-water trawling C. ordered a complete ban on cod fishing D. started harvesting manganese nodules from the ocean floor E. enacted laws to protect many species of whales |
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Which of the following statements is false regarding aquaculture? |
A. Aquaculture provides a reliable protein source and thus needed nutrition for a growing human population. B. As aquaculture grows in scale, the reduced pressure on natural fisheries is better for ocean biodiversity as it reduces bycatch. C. The dense concentration of farmed fish makes it easier to prevent disease outbreaks from occurring and thus food security is always assured. D. Aquaculture is more energy-efficient as it uses less fossil fuel and produces more fish per unit area than open-water fishing operations. E. All of the above are true statements about aquaculture. |
A. Aquaculture provides a reliable protein source and thus needed nutrition for a growing human population. B. As aquaculture grows in scale, the reduced pressure on natural fisheries is better for ocean biodiversity as it reduces bycatch. C. The dense concentration of farmed fish makes it easier to prevent disease outbreaks from occurring and thus food security is always assured. D. Aquaculture is more energy-efficient as it uses less fossil fuel and produces more fish per unit area than open-water fishing operations. E. All of the above are true statements about aquaculture. |
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Which strategy is incorrectly matched with its effect on ocean ecosystems? |
A. reduce the use of fossil fuels - reduce the amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide released and slow ocean acidification B. prohibit overfishing in coastal areas - protect coral reefs from bleaching and destruction C. reduce coastal pollution - reduce coral infections and keep coral reefs healthy D. prohibit bottom-trawling in vulnerable areas - reduce exposure to land-based pollution E. designate MPAs - protect ocean communities to help them recover from environmental damages |
A. reduce the use of fossil fuels - reduce the amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide released and slow ocean acidification B. prohibit overfishing in coastal areas - protect coral reefs from bleaching and destruction C. reduce coastal pollution - reduce coral infections and keep coral reefs healthy D. prohibit bottom-trawling in vulnerable areas - reduce exposure to land-based pollution E. designate MPAs - protect ocean communities to help them recover from environmental damages |
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A new facility being built on Vancouver Island for raising organic salmon offers some advantages over conventional methods of farming salmon. Which of the following is not true about this new facility |
A. It will use large tanks located on the mainland. B. It will contain fish wastes and prevent it from entering the environment. C. It will avoid the spread of infections to wild fish by preventing mixing with open waters. D. It will require the purchase and transport of more feed for the fish adding a major expense. E. It will reduce the use of antibiotics and pesticides. |
A. It will use large tanks located on the mainland. B. It will contain fish wastes and prevent it from entering the environment .C. It will avoid the spread of infections to wild fish by preventing mixing with open waters. D. It will require the purchase and transport of more feed for the fish adding a major expense. E. It will reduce the use of antibiotics and pesticides. |
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The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization predicts that global consumption of aquatic proteins will reach 150–160 million tons by the end of the century. Traditional fisheries can produce no more than 100 million tons. The remaining demand will likely be met by |
A. increased bottom trawling B. food products other than fish C. harvesting of coral reefs D. aquaculture E. deep-sea electroshock techniques |
A. increased bottom trawling B. food products other than fish C. harvesting of coral reefs D. aquaculture E. deep-sea electroshock techniques |
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In the video "The Age of Plastic" what term is used to describe turning the plastics collected through recycling or from the reclamation of ocean wastes into higher quality products (like bionic yarn) and therefore reducing the plastic problem? |
A. downgrading B. innovating C. downcycling D. upgrading E. upcycling |
A. downgrading B. innovating C. downcycling D. upgrading E. upcycling |
