Environmental Science Midterm 1

It is perhaps the most important component of an ecosystem. All living organisms needs it to grow and survive.

4 facts about water resources

______________ of water that are potentially useful.

Use of water include ______, _______, _______, ________, ________ activities

All living things require water to ______ and ________.

Contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities.

can result in human health problems, poisoned wildlife, and long-term ecosystem damage.

Water pollution can result in ________, _________, and __________.

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of ____________.

MAIN TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION

If pollution comes from a single location, such as a discharge pipe attached to a factory.

A great deal of water pollution happens not from one single source but from many different scattered places.

It is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen (O2) dissolved in water.

It refers to the level of free, non-compound oxygen present in water or other liquids.

It is an important parameter in assessing water quality because of its influence on the organisms living within a body of water.

_______ is necessary for many forms of life including fish, invertebrates, bacteria, and plants. These organisms use oxygen in respiration, similar to organisms on land.

Dissolved oxygen is necessary for many forms of life including fish, invertebrates, bacteria, and plants. These organisms use ______ in respiration, similar to organisms on land.

Dissolved oxygen is necessary for many forms of life including fish, invertebrates, bacteria, and plants. These organisms use oxygen in

_______, similar to organisms on land.

Where Does DO Come From?

Measured with oxygen probe and meter

One of the simplest meters operates as a galvanic cell, in which lead and silver electrodes put in an electrolyte solution with a microammeter between.

METHODS USED TO DETERMINE OXYGEN DEMAND

Oxygen demand for the decomposition of pure materials can be estimated from stoichiometry, assuming that all organic material completely decomposes.

It is not a measure of some specific pollutant, but rather a measure of the amount of oxygen required by aerobic bacteria and other microorganism to stabilize decomposable organic matter.

The third method used for determining the oxygen demand of water sample. Iit is a laboratory method that essentially determines the ThOD.

Term applied to the residue of total, suspended, or dissolved solids after heating to dryness for a specified time at a specified temperature.

Refers to any minerals, salts, metals, cat-ions, or an-ions dissolved in water.

Refers to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water.

_______ can be removed by the sedimentation because of their comparatively large size.

It can be removed by the sedimentation because of their comparatively large size.

It is a colorless odorless gas at normal temperature.

Since it is an inert gas, it can be used to replace air and reduce or eliminate oxidation of materials.

It is important to the chemical industry. It is used to make fertilizers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives.

It is used as a refrigerant for very low temperatures.

From a public stand point, the bacteriological quality of water is as important as the chemical quality.

From a public stand point, the ________ of water is as important as the chemical quality.

A number of diseases can be transmitted by water, among them are _______ and _______.

It is one thing to declare that water must not be contaminated by ________ (disease causing organisms) and another to discover the existence of these organisms.

To determine the proper design and treatment of drinking water, analyses are also commonly conducted for parameters such as, pH level, alkalinity and hardness.

ASSESING WATER QUALITY standards

It is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.

The process of turning from liquid into vapor.

water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it

The action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution.

moisture condensed from the atmosphere that falls visibly in separate drops

a form of precipitation consisting of ice pellets, often mixed with rain or snow.

pellets of frozen rain that fall in showers from cumulonimbus.

atmospheric water vapor frozen into ice crystals and falling in light white flakes or lying on the ground as a white layer.

It is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves.

Example is when a plant absorbs water in its roots.

GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES

is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. It is a sub-set of water cyclemanagement

is an empirical concept which was built up from the on-the ground experience of practitioners

The water supply system in the Philippines are organized by Water District, except for the Metro Manila, where water is supplied 24 hours a day by two water concessionaries. In the other urban areas covered by Water District’s the water supply is supplied less than 24 hours a day.

The water supply system in the Philippines are organized by ________, except for the Metro Manila, where water is supplied 24 hours a day by ________ water concessionaries.

In the other urban areas covered by Water District’s the water supply is supplied ________ 24 hours a day.

The percentage of irrigated versus the total potential irrigable area in the Philippines has increased from _______ in 2010 to ______ in 2013.

There is no National Policy on _______ in the Philippines. However, large corporations and industries have implemented rainwater and storm water harvesting systems to augment their water supply.

There is no National Policy on Storm water Management in the Philippines. However, large corporations and industries have implemented _____________________________________________ to augment their water supply.

The Philippines constitution suffers from floods annually due to its location in the path of the annual typhoons. Thus, various measures and projects have been implemented to mitigate the annual damage caused by floods.

_____________ in the Philippines is regulated by the Clean Water Act that was enacted in 2014. The Act covers water quality management in all water bodies Philippines and primarily apply to the abatement and control of pollution from land-based sources.

The water sanitation sector in the Philippines remains a highly fragmented sector mainly due to weak regulatory arrangements for sanitation and waste water management. In March 28, 1974 the government created the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) to manage the water resources in the country. The NWRB is an attached agency of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources responsible for ensuring the exploitation, utilization, development, conservation, and protection of the country's water resource, consistent with the principles of "Integrated Water Resource Management".

The _________ in the Philippines remains a highly fragmented sector mainly due to weak regulatory arrangements for sanitation and waste water management.

In __________ the government created the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) to manage the water resources in the country

True or False

The NWRB is an attached agency of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources responsible for ensuring the exploitation, utilization, development, conservation, and protection of the country's water resource, consistent with the principles of "Integrated Water Resource Management".

3 NWRB’s KeyFunctions:

As groundwater is pumped from water wells, there usually is a localized drop in the water table around the well called a cone of depression. When there are a large number of wells that have been pumping water for a long time, the regional water table can drop significantly.

As groundwater is pumped from water wells, there usually is a localized drop in the water table around the well called a _________.

True or False:

When there are a large number of wells that have been pumping water for a long time, the regional water table can drop significantly.

It can force the drilling of deeper, more expensive wells that commonly encounter more saline groundwater.

The ________ refers to a global situation where people in many areas lack access to sufficient water, clean water, or both.

______ that form behind dams in rivers can collect water during wet times and store it for use during dry spells. They also can be used for urban water supplies.

It can move water from where it is plentiful to where it is needed.

It can be controversial and politically difficult especially if the water transfer distances are large.

It is a term used to describe significant changes to the chemistry of the ocean.

___________ is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of _________ from the atmosphere.

Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation to the system

Percentage of global fish stocks that is overfished

Percentage of global fish stocks that is fished to capacity

Percentage of global fish stocks that is underfished