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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are four factors that affect plant growth in forest soils?
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Topsoil depth, soil texture, limiting layers, drainage
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What is topsoil depth?
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topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, affects amount of tree growth per year
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What is soil texture?
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Refers to the amount of sand, silt, and clay that the soil contains
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What's a limiting layer?
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layer that stops the roots of trees from extending downward further
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What are limiting factors?
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Things that limit the growth of living organisms within an ecosystem such as amount of precipitation, available sunlight, nutrients, spacing of trees, and number of organisms living in forest
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What is an even-aged stand?
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A stand of trees that varies little in age
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What is the seedling stage?
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from seed to 5-15 yrs, the beginning of the closing of a stand
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What is the sapling stage?
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From the closing of a stand to death of lower limbs and crowns well above the ground
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What is the pole stage?
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From sapling stage to limb clearing of most of the trunk and decline in height growth
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What is the young timber stage?
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from time of slowed height growth to full height growth
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What is the mature timber stage?
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From time of complete height growth to beginning of decline in quality and volume
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What is an over mature timber stage?
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from start of deterioration of the stand
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What are dominant crowns?
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crowns of larger trees, forming upper level of the canopy and receiving light from above and partially from the sides (emergent)
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What are co-dominant crowns?
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medium sized crowns that form the general crown cover or canopy and receive sunlight from above
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What are intermediate crowns?
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Small-crowned, shorter trees with crowns that just reach into the general canopy and receive little direct sunlight (understory)
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What are overtopped crowns?
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Small trees with crowns below the canopy, receiving no direct sunlight (oppressed or suppressed)
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What are isolated crowns?
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trees growing in the open with little or no competition
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What is vertical stratification?
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a forest containing trees of different sizes, different species, and in different layers of crown classification
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What is the lowest layer of the forest ecosystem?
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Forest floor
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What is the second layer in the forest ecosystem?
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understory
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What is the top layer of the forest ecosystem?
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Leaf canopy
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What are two types of forests?
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coniferous and deciduous, or softwood and hardwood
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What are conifers?
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gymnosperms, or plants that have naked seeds, not protected by a fruit
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What are deciduous trees?
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Angiosperms, or flowering plants. have flowers and enclose seeds in protective fruits
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What are evergreen trees with needle-like or scale-like leaves, mostly bearing seed cones?
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conifers
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What percentage of trees in NC are coniferous?
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33%
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What are trees with broad leaves that they lose during one season of the year, usuall autumn?
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deciduous (hardwoods)
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What percentage of NC forests are hardwoods?
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53%
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How are old growth forests important?
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provide unique homes to wide variety of wildlife species, often endangered
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What percentage of NC forests do mixed stands or multi-stands make up?
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14%
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What is the limiting factor that determines how high a tree can grow?
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gravity
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