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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How to measure occurrence?
(5 ways) |
1. Count
2. Prevalence 3. Odds 4. Risk 5. Rate |
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How to measure Association?
(3 ways) |
1. Difference
2. Ratio 3. Correlation |
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How to measure Impact?
(3 ways) |
1. Attributable Fraction
2. Years of potential life lost (YPLL) 3. Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) |
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Definition of Prevalence:
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how common a condition is within a population over a certain period of time.
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Formula of Prevalence
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Prevalence = a/(a+b)
where a --> # of inds w/ disease and b --> # of inds at risk |
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3 types of non-experimental studies
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1. cohort/prospective study
2. case-control study 3. cross-sectional study |
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Definition of Cohort Study
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group of healthy people is followed up for a certain time period to ascertain health events.
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Prevelance Proportion
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Number of overweights
------------------------------------ Population at risk |
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Prevalence Odds
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Number of overweights (P)
------------------------------------ Number not overweight (Q) |
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Other names for Risk
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1. Cumulative Incidence
2. Incidence Proportion |
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Attributable Risk
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measure of association based on the absolute difference between two risk estimates
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Relative Risk/ Risk Ratio
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P(Disease) given Exposure
----------------------------------------- P(Disease) given Non-Exposure |
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Disease Incidence/ Risk
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Exposure_Disease
---------------------------------------- Ex_Dis + Ex_NonDis (i.e. all disease = present kids) |
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Disease Incidence/Risk
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P(Disease) given Exposure
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Rate (Incidence Rate, IR)
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# of people with disease
---------------------------------------- total time at risk for developing |
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Relationship between Prevalence Odds and Incidence Rate
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PO = IR * Average Duration
(assuming steady state) |
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Relationship between Risk and Incidence Rate
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Risk = IR * time
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Definition of Prevalence
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measures frequency of outcome at either one point in time (point prevalence) or during a period (period prevalence, e.g. lifetime prevalence)
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Definition of Incidence
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proportion of newly developed (incident) disease
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Formula of Incidence Rate
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Incidence Rate = # of events/ avg. population
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Formula of Incidence Density
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Incidence Density = # of events/ total person-time
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Formula of Rate
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# events/avg. population
DIVIDED by time (t) x/(n*t) = rate/density (where n*t --> person-years) |
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Rate (in your own words)
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Is incidence divided by time
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Component Cause vs. Sufficient Cause
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Component cause is one that requires exposure to in order to become infected, sufficient cause is pretty self explanatory
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Induction Period
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period of time beginning at the action of a component cause and ending when the final component cause acts and the disease occurs
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Definition of the method of induction
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looking at cases, arriving at a rule, collecting facts --> leading to a theory
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Definition of the method of deduction
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a --> b
b --> c a --> c |
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Latent Period
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period between disease occurring and disease being detected
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