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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What clinical signs are assoc. w/ Staph infection?
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circular alopecia, crusts, papules, draining tracts on saddle, lumbar, distal limbs, pastern
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What is the tx for Staph infection?
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- local infection: topical AB washes: chlorhexidine, silver sulfadiazine, mupiricin, ethyl lactate (work ~50% of the time)
- more extensive involvement: systemic ABs (TMS, Enrofloxacin) |
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What are the clinical signs of insect allergies?
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pruritis, alopecia, excoriations, lichenification, papules
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What is the tx for insect allergies?
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- steroids: IV &/or PO to break cycle
- antihistamines: not effective in horses (difference in H1 receptor?) - prevention: vector control (sprays, washes, fans, screens, masks, sheets) |
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What are the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis?
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pruritis, alopecia, excoriation, lichenification, crusts, scales, erythema, urticaria
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What is the tx for atopic dermatitis?
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hyposensitization, steroids, antihistamines, topicals
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What are the clinical signs of food allergy?
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generalized pruritis, urticaria, diarrhea, reactive airway dz
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What is the pathogenesis of dermatophilosis?
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- Dermatophilus congolensis
- zoospores on horse’s coat activated by wet conditions - horse to horse spread by insects - natural immunity: heritable? - usually occurs in fall, winter, early spring - skin barrier damage: trauma, insets, chronic moisture |
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What clinical signs are assoc. w/ dermatophilosis?
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crusts (initial lesion papular), painful, NOT pruritic, “paintbrush” lesions: most severe on distal limbs, dorsum
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How is dermatophilosis diagnosed?
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- signs, hx
- examine crusts on slide, gram stain, ink, Dif-Quik Gram + branching filamentous organisms: railroad tracks - culture, bx |
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What is the tx for dermatophilosis?
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- most cases self-limiting
- topical antifungals, antibacterial washes (iodophors, chlorhexidine) - if severe: systemic ABs (TMS, P/G) - control: change environment |
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What are the clinical signs of dermatophytosis?
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usually circular alopecia & crusts assoc. w/ tack or grooming
may have urticaria initially |
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How is dermatophytosis diagnosed?
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- ddx: bacterial folliculitis (may coexist)
- Wood’s lamp rarely (+) - microscopic exam of hairs: difficult - bx: quick, use special stains (dx 70%) - fungal culture (dx 90%) |
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What is the tx for dermatophytosis?
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- spontaneous resolution
- antifungal washes: lime sulfur, Malaseb (miconazole + chlorhexidine) - systemic antifungals: griseofulvin (not if pregnant) - spray eniloconazole: environment, equipment - fumigate w/ formaldehyde: equipment |
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What are the causes of equine pastern dermatitis?
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- pastern folliculitis: S. aureus; affects posterior aspect of multiple limbs, may have papules suppuration, erosions
- irritant or contact dermatitis - dermatophilosis - dermatophytosis - photosensitization - chorioptic mange: draft horses; typically around heels, very pruritic all causes --> pastern leukocytoclastic vasculitis |
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What are the clinical signs of equine pastern dermatitis?
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focal areas of erosion & ulceration, w/ pain, edema
photoactivated: more common in horses w/ white limbs |
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How is equine pastern dermatitis diagnosed & treated?
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dx: bx
tx - many cases resolve on own - when tx required: costly & difficult to tx - antibacterial shampoos, topical AB ointments, antifungal shampoos, sprays, dips, topical steroids, systemic ABs, systemic antifungals, antiparasitics, immunomodulator medications |
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What is the pathogenesis of hyperelastosis cutis?
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- affects quarter horses: Poco Bueno line (autosomal recessive)
- collagen deficit: lack of adhesion w/in dermi |
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What are the clinical signs of Pythiosis?
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- cutaneous & SQ infiltration: abdomen, pectorals, necks, lips, distal limbs
- granulomas rapidly enlarge - splitting of dermis & epidermis, lots of exudate, concretions of eosinophils |
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How is Pythiosis diagnosed & treated?
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dx: culture, bx, serology on core yellow necrotic tissue (“kunkers”)
tx - wide surgical excision - iodides: KI (oral), NaI (IV) - vaccine if seropositive |
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What are ddx for pruritis?
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#1: parasites
infection: Malasezzia, Staph (superficial), Strep, Corynebacterium, or Pseudomonas (deep) hypersensitivity |
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ddx for scaling & crusting
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dermatophilosis
dermatophytosis |