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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Channel proteins |
Selectively allow certain molecules or ions to pass thru |
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Integral membrane proteins |
Imbedded in the membrane |
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Peripheral membrane proteins |
Proteins not embedded in membrane but held by h bonds with integral membrane proteins |
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Transmembrane proteins |
Proteins that go thru both layers of the bilayer |
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Passive transport |
Does not require energy Thermondynamically favorable Moves down the gradient |
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Active transport |
Does require energy Against a gradient Coupled to a process that is thermodynamically favorable |
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Molarity |
# moles solute/ #L |
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Molality |
# moles of solute/ #kg solvent |
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Mole fraction |
# moles of substance X/ total moles in solution |
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Vant hoff |
i= a number |
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Boiling point elevation |
T = (Kb)*i*m |
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Freezing point depression |
T = -(Kf)*i*m |
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Hypertonic solution |
Solution has more solute outside than in the cell Cell shrinks |
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Hypotonic solution |
Solute more on inside of cell than outside Cell bursts |
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Simple diffusion |
Passive transport Diffusion of a solute without a protein Driven by hydrophobicity |
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Channels |
Facilitated diffusion/passive transport Voltage gated- channel that opens in response to an electrical impulse Ligand gated- channel that opens when a specific molecule binds to it |
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Carriers |
Facilitated diffusion/passive transport Uniports- transport only 1 molecule at a time Symports- transports 2 in the same direction Antiports- transports 2 in opposite direction |
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Pore |
Not selective Formed by porins Must be below a certain size |
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Primary active transport |
The transport of a molecule is coupled to ATP hydrolysis |
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Secondary active transport |
Not directly coupled to ATP hydrolysis |
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Na/K+ pump pumps what? |
3 Na+ out 2K+ in |
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What kind of transport does the Na+/k+ Atpase use? |
Primary active transport |
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What can leak out of the cell and thru what? |
K+ can leak thru potassium leak channels |
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Is in the interior of the cell - or +? Exterior? |
- inside + outside |
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Ligand |
Generally a hormone or neurotransmitter |
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Ligand gated ion channel |
A ligand binds to an ion channel which opens up that ion channel and and allows a certain ion to flow in |
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G protein linked receptor |
Transmits a ligands message to a second messenger |
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cAMP |
Second messenger Responds to epinephrine and glucagon |
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Stimulatory g protein receptor |
Activate adenylyl cyclase |
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Inhibitory g protein linked receptors |
Inactivate adenylyl cyclase |
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Microtibules |
Largest Hollow rod Alpha and beta tubulin at one end which grows The other end anchored in the microtubule organizing center |
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Microfilaments |
Smallest Actin monomers Movement of the entire cell |
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Intermediate filaments |
Medium size Cell structure, resist mechanical stress |
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Phases of cell cycle |
G1 S G2 M |
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Prophase |
Chromosomes condense Nucleous disappears Spindle and kinetochores appear |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up in the middle |
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Anaphase |
Sister chromatids are pulled apart |
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Telophase |
Nuclear membrane reforms Chromosomes decondense |
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Cytokinesis |
Cleavage furrow and pinching in to divide |
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What protease is responsoble for apoptosis? |
Caspase |