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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain how Redi’s experiment disproved the hypothesis that flies formed on the food by spontaneous generation.
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Maggots only appeared on the meat that had been directly exposed to adult flies
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Describe the argument that Spallanzani’s experiment failed to disprove the occurrence of spontaneous generation. Explain how Pasteur’s experiment addressed these criticisms.
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Spallanzani’s opponents argued that he had destroyed the vital force in air by heating the liquid in the flasks too long. Pasteur allowed air, Including the “vital force” into the flasks after they were heated and still nothing grew.
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Spallanzani and Pasteur both used a technique that is widely used now to preserve food. What is it?
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Boiling kills microorganisms
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What are 2 possible sources of simple organic compounds on early earth?
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• Combining of gases such as H2, N2, NH3 and water vapor using the extreme heat and energy of lightning.
• Meteorites may have brought organic compounds to the earth when they crashed to earth |
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What properties do coacervates and microspheres share with cells?
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However, coacervates and microspheres lack many other characteristics of life.
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What traits make archaebacteria likely relatives of Earth’s earliest organisms?
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• They live in very harsh environments. The earth’s early atmosphere is assumed to have been very harsh.
• Many are anaerobic • Many obtain energy by chemosynthesis |
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Explain the difference between chemosynthesis and photosynthesis.
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In chemosynthesis, energy is obtained by the recombination of inorganic compounds into organic compounds. In photosynthesis, CO2 and H2O are combined using light as energy. Less inorganic materials are needed in this process.
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5. Explain the theory of endosymbiosis.
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The theory explains the origin of eukaryotes. It is thought that prokaryotes lived together in a symbiotic relationship. A small aerobic prokaryote lived inside a larger anaerobic prokaryote. The smaller prokaryote possibly became the mitochondria for the larger.
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How does RNA differ from DNA?
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RNA molecules have a greater variety of shapes than DNA. RNA’s different shapes depend on the bonds between the nucleotides, much like protein shapes depend on the hydrogen bonds between the amino acids. Because of this, RNA may act like a catalyst in chemical reactions. RNA may also be capable of replicating itself and carrying out all functions without the aid of DNA.
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Describe a hypothesis about the role of RNA in the original development of cells on early earth.
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RNA, which could replicate on its own, may have been incorporated into coacervates or microspheres and became the 1st cell.
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Identify which modern organisms are thought to be most like the 1st forms of life on earth.
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archaebacteria : prokaryotic, anaerobes
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The apparatus illustrated for this question shows an example of Miller and Urey’s apparatus. The lettered parts represent:
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A = Water being heated
B = Water vapor rising C = Electrical energy D = gases in the early atmosphere E = Resulting compounds that formed “D” condensing and dropping F = Collection of organic compounds that fell to earth |
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Coacervates are similar to cells but lack which of the following?
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Genetic information
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Who proposed the heterotroph hypothesis?
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Oparin
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Who 1st showed experimentally that organic molecules might have formed in the atmosphere of the early earth?
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Stanley Miller
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What was the source of food for the 1st living organisms?
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The organic molecules in the oceans (primordial soup)
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Where are most fossils found?
Soft body parts may be preserved by |
in water/ice
Freezing |
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Homologous Stuctures
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Similar Structures that originated in a shared common ancestor
Adapted to have diff functions now They look the same internally |
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Analogous Structures
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Similar functions but are diff in evolutionary patterns
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The first autotrophs prob made glucose through the process of...
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chemisynthesis
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