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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four major tissue types in the body? |
* Epithelial * Connective Tissue * Muscle Tissue * Nervous Tissue |
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What are the characteristics of Epithelial Tissue? (5) |
* Covers organs and body surfaces * Lines cavities and hollow organs * Has a free surface on one side and a basement membrane on the other * Usually lacks blood vessels * Cells readily divide and are tightly packed |
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What are the functions of Epithelial Tissue? (6) |
* Protection * Absorption * Secretion * Excretion * Filtration * Sensory reception |
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What are the three shapes of Epithelial Tissues? |
* Squamous (flat) * Cuboidal (cube shaped) * Columnar (tall) |
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Describe the two kinds of layers found in Epithelial Tissues. |
* Simple - one layer of cells * Stratified - more than one layer of cells |
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Describe Simple Squamous cells? (3) |
* Single layer of flat cells * Substances pass easily through * Found in Kidneys |
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Describe Simple Columnar cells. (6) |
* Single layer of elongated cells * Nuclei usually near the basement * Membrane at the same level * Sometimes has cilia and microvilli * Often has goblet cells (secrete mucus) * Lines stomach, uterus and intestines |
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Describe Simple Cuboidal cells. (5) |
* Single layer of cube-shaped cells * Lines kidney tubules * Covers ovaries * Lines ducts of some glands * Secretes and absorbs |
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Describe Pseudostratified Columnar cells. (5) |
* Single layer of elongated cells * Nuclei at two or more layers, giving the appearance of being stratified * Often has cilia * Often has goblet cells * Lines respiratory passageways |
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Describe Stratified Squamous Cells. (5) |
* Many cells layers * Top cells are flat * Can accumulate Keratin * Makes up the outer layer of skin, * Lines oral cavity, vagina and anal canal |
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Describe Stratified Cuboidal Cells. (3) |
* Has 2-3 layers * Cube-shaped cells * Lines ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands and the pancreas |
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Describe Stratified Columnar Cells. (3) |
* Top layer of elongated cells * Cube shaped cells in deeper layers * Lines part of the male urethra and part of the pharynx |
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Describe Transitional Cells. (4) |
* Many cell layers * Cells change shape under tension * Cube shaped and elongated cells * Lines urinary bladder, ureters and part of the urethra |
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What are the three types of Epithelial junctions. |
* Tight Junctions * Desmosomes * Gap Junctions |
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Describe Tight Junctions. |
* Protein molecules in the plasma membranes of adjacent cells fuse together and form impermeable junctions |
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Describe Desmosomes. (3) |
* "Rivet" junctions between cells * Distributes tension throughout cell walls for strength * Found in cardiac muscle |
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Describe Gap Junctions. (2) |
* "Communicating" junction between cells * Hollow tubes that allow things to pass back and forth |
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What are the characteristics of Connective Tissue? (4) |
* All arises from Mesenchyme * Has varying degrees of vascularity * largely nonliving ECM * Has ground substance, fibers & cells |
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What are the characteristics of Loose & Dense Connective Tissue? (11) |
* Fibroblasts * Defense Cells * Fibrocytes * Adipocytes * Gel-like ECM * Low metabolism * Fibers: collagen, reticular & elastic * Binding tissue * Reservoir for water & salts * Resists mechanical stress * Nutrient (fat) storage |
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What are the Loose Connective Tissues? |
* Areolar * Reticular |
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What are the Dense Connective Tissues? |
* Regular * Irregular * Elastic |
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What are the characteristics of Cartilage? (6) |
* Chondroblasts * Chondrocytes * Gel-like ground substance * Fibers: collagen and some elastic * Resist compression due to large amounts of water in the matrix * Cushions & supports bodily functions |
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What are the characteristics of Bone Tissue? (5) |
* Osteoblasts *Osteocytes * Gel-like ground substance, calcified with inorganic salts * Collagen fibers * Hard tissue that resists compression and tension * Functions in support |
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What are the three kinds of Cartilage? |
* Hyaline * Elastic *Fibrocartilage |
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What are the characteristics of Blood? (6) |
* Erythrocytes * Leukocytes * Platelets * Plasma * A fluid tissue * Carries O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes and other substances |
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What is the major function of Collagen connective tissue? (2) |
* Made of collagen fibers * Tough fibers with high tensile strength |
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What is the major function of Elastic connective tissue? (2) |
* Long thin fibers that form branching networks in the ECM * Great elasticity needed for skin, lungs and blood vessel walls |
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What are the major functions of Reticular connective tissue? (2) |
* Short, fine, collagenous fibers that branch extensively forming delicate networks * Surround small blood vessels and support the soft tissues of organs |
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Describe Skeletal muscle tissue. (4) |
* CT sheets attached to bones of the skeleton * Forms the flesh of the body * As they contract they pull on bones or skin causing body movements * Voluntary muscle |
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Describe Cardiac muscle tissue. (5) |
* Only in the walls of the heart * Contractions propel blood through blood vessels to all parts of the body * Striated with one central nucleus * Branching cells fir together tightly at unique junctions called intercalated discs * Involuntary muscle |
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Describe Smooth muscle tissue. (5) |
* No visible striations * Spindle shaped with one central nucleus * Found in walls of hollow organs (except <3) * Squeezes substances through organs by contracting and relaxing * Involuntary muscle |
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Describe the characteristics of nervous tissue. (3) |
* Main component of the nervous system * Regulates and controls body functions * Two cell types: Neurons & supporting cells |
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Describe a Neuron and what it does. (3) |
* Highly specialized nerve cells that generate & conduct nerve impulses * Respond to stimuli via dendrites * Transmit electrical impulses over substantial distances, via axons |
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Describe a Supporting Cells. |
Non-conducting cells that support, insulate and protect the neurons |
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What is the suffix of a Mature cell? |
Cyte |
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What is the suffix of Immature cells? |
Blast |
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What tissue has the highest metabolism? |
Adipose tissue |
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What are the three types of Glandular secretions? |
* Merocrine Glands * Apocrine Glands * Holocrine Glands |
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Describe a Merocrine gland. |
* Fluid producing * Salivary gland * Pancreas gland * Sweat gland |
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Describe a Apocrine Gland. |
* Cellular product * Mammary glands (milk) * Ceruminous glands (ear wax) |
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Describe a Holocrine gland. |
* Secretory product * Whole cells * Sebaceous glands * Pimples |