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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process of adding bookmarks to the human genome,
a) alters the DNA by causing small mutations at many sites b) sends a signal that tells the cells to stop dividing c) involves adding chemical methyl groups to the DNA helix d) includes mutations made in non-coding regions of the genome |
c) involves adding chemical methyl groups to the DNA helix
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Research on cell replacement treatments for humans focuses on the use of bioengineered pigs
to: a) feed all the starving people in the world b) create a physically stronger pig c) produce genetically engineered pigs as a source of tissues for transplantation into humans d) make domesticated Corpor |
c) produce genetically engineered pigs as a source of tissues for transplantation
into humans |
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Which of these method(s) is used to determine the length of the DNA fragments produced by cleavage by a restriction enzyme?
a) DNA amniocentesis b) gel electrophoresis c) DNA transformation d) chemotherapys-xbap |
b) gel electrophoresisge
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Why is the nuclear transfer method of animal cloning extremely inefficient with a very poor success rate?
a) The mitochondria can no longer generate energy after the nucleus is donated to the recipient cell. b) Damage to the genome DNA occurs when the genome is physically removed from a nucleus and transferred to another cell. c) During nuclear fusion, chromosomes often undergo large DNA rearrangements. d) The adult genome in the donated nucleus must be reprogrammed to start embryo development. |
d) The adult genome in the donated nucleus must be re-programmed to start
embryo development. |
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Which of the following is a major disadvantage of DNA fingerprinting in comparison to the use of skin fingerprinting to identify dead bodies?
a) DNA is well preserved in many body parts long after death. b) DNA fingerprinting is expensive and requires a well-equipped lab. c) DNA testing can find out if people are genetically related d) DNA from semen stains can be successfully tested many years after the semen sample was deposited. |
b) DNA fingerprinting is expensive and requires a well-equipped lab.
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The following is a TRUE statement about people who are carriers of cystic fibrosis disease:
a) Carriers each inherit one normal (CFTR) gene and one mutant (cftr) gene b) CF carriers do not inherit any mutant cystic fibrosis genes so they do not get ill with cystic fibrosis disease. c) CF carriers cause cystic fibrosis disease by passing mitochondrial DNA to their children by genetic inheritance. d) CF carriers inherit two mutant copies of the CFTR gene (cftr, cftr) |
a) Carriers each inherit one normal (CFTR) gene and one mutant (cftr) geneckwave
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The universal feature of all restriction enzymes (RE) is that:
a) REs cut the DNA helix only at DNA with a specific DNA sequence b) REs cut only at single-stranded regions in the DNA c) REs cut DNA only in highly repeated DNA sequences of [ATATAT] d) REs cut DNA into fragments that are only 10 to 20 base pairs in length. |
a) REs cut the DNA helix only at DNA with a specific DNA sequence
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When DNA fragments are analyzed by gel electrophoresis, which DNA characteristic(s) of DNA have the biggest influence on the way that the DNA fragments move through the gel?
a) The weight of each DNA fragment b) The base sequence of each DNA fragment c) The overall shape of the folded single-stranded DNA molecule d) The length (number of base pairs) of each DNA fragment |
d) The length (number of base pairs) of each DNA fragment
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A prion is an infectious agent made up of:
a) proteins and a DNA genome b) proteins and an RNA genome c) just protein d) proteins and a genome of one DNA strand and one RNA strand |
c) just protein
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The anti-codon sequence in a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule:
a) encodes the protein product of the gene. b) can base pair to the ribosomal rRNA when it is in the ribosome. c) attaches to a specific amino acid and carries it to the ribosome. d) base pairs with the codon bases in the mRNA sequence. |
d) base pairs with the codon bases in the mRNA sequence.
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Amniocentesis is an example of what type of medical test?
a) Newborn screening b) Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis c) Ultrasound imaging d) Prenatal screening |
d) Prenatal screening
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DNA damage can be caused by which of these:
a) ionizing radiation (X-r ays) b) ultra violet (UV) radiation (sunlight) c) chemicals that bind to DNA (dyes, benzenes, etc.) d) all of the above e) none of the abovep |
d) all of the above
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You inherited a genome from Mom (about 3.2 billion base pairs) and a genome from Dad
(about 3.2 billion base pairs). How many DNA base pairs do you have in your total genome? a) 3.2 billion base pairs b) 6.4 billion base pairs c) 12.8 billion base pairs d) 1.6 billion base pairsðÿ\ |
b) 6.4 billion base pairs
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Which of the following conditions explains the bizarre results of a DNA test indicating that a mother in Boston was not genetically related to her biological children?
a) Downs syndrome b) Rearrangement of chromosome 16 c) A genetic chimera d) A chromosome translocation |
c) A genetic chimeramage
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A Punnett square is a diagram used to determine:
a) the genetic inheritance of genetic alleles b) the specialized state of fully developed cells c) the number of chromosomes in a cell nucleus during mitosisys-xbap d) the number of genes carried on a single chromosome |
a) the genetic inheritance of genetic alleles
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Which cloning method requires that a surrogate mother carry a pregnancy to birth as part of
the cloning process? a) reproductive cloning b) therapeutic cloning c) both therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning d) recombinant DNA cloningment |
a) reproductive cloning
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Identical human monozygotic twins have:
a) Identical fingerprints b) Identical DNA genomes c) Identical personalities d) Identical careers |
b) Identical DNA genomes
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To make a clone of your friend named Jim, which component(s) of Jim’s cells do you need to
make a clone of Jim? a) Only Jim’s mitochondria are needed so that the clone will have plenty of energy. b) Nuclei from Jim’s cells are needed because the nuclei contain his DNA genome c) Jim can’t be cloned because he is a male and only females can be cloned (for biological reasons) d) Jim’s immune cells are used so the clone will not be rejected |
b) Nuclei from Jim’s cells are needed because the nuclei contain his DNA genomee
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What is the major difference between the bookmarks introduced into an embryo genome and
the bookmarks introduced into the genome of an adult cell? a) the embryo genome contains many point mutations b) the embryo genome does not have many (if any) DNA bookmarks c) the adult genome contains many more mutations than the embryo genome d) the embryo genome has permanent DNA bookmarks that never changed16 |
b) the embryo genome does not have many (if any) DNA bookmarksP
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The term “gene dosage” is:
a) the actual number of copies of a particular gene encoded in the genome b) the number of transcriptionally active and inactive genes in the genome c) the average number of genes per chromosome in a specific organism d) the total number of genes in a given genome, regardless of gene copy numberd |
a) the actual number of copies of a particular gene encoded in the genome
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Which answer best describes the forces that control the movement of DNA molecules in an electric field?
a) The chemical backbone of the DNA helix has a negative charge so the DNA fragments move toward the negative pole of the electric field. b) The chemical backbone of the DNA helix has a negative charge so the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the electric field. c) The chemical backbone of the DNA helix has a positive charge so the DNA fragments move toward the negative end of the electric field. d) The chemical backbone of the DNA helix has a positive charge so the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the electric field. |
b) The chemical backbone of the DNA helix has a negative charge so the DNA
fragments move toward the positive end of the electric field. |
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How similar are the DNA sequences of genomes from two different humans who are not genetically related?
a) The two human genomes are almost the same in DNA sequence even though the people are not genetically related b) The genomes from two unrelated human individuals are almost completely identical (99.9% identical) c) A very small number of DNA bases (0.1%) are different when two human genomes are compared. d) all of the above are correct |
d) all of the above are correct
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When a gene is expressed in a eukaryotic cell, the DNA is copied into:
a) anti-sense RNA (has the same sense as DNA template) b) complementary DNA strands c) sense RNA (complementary to DNA template) d) nonsense RNA |
c) sense RNA (complementary to DNA template)
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DNA Fingerprinting is one example of many scientific techniques that require the use of “DNA probes”, which are best described as:
a) short protein molecules that bind to the target gene DNA. b) long DNA molecules that encode several proteins. c) short, double-stranded DNA fragments with GC-rich sequences d) short, single-stranded DNA, which can base pair to a target DNA sequence andincorporate a fluorescent tag. |
d) short, single-stranded DNA, which can base pair to a target DNA sequence and incorporate a fluorescent tag.
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The purpose of the “Southern blot” method is to:
a) Move DNA fragments through the gel at a much faster rate than normal. b) Transfer DNA fragments from specific locations in a gel to the same relative positions on a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane for testing. c) Search for DNA sequences that bind to a specific transcription factor. d) Analyze the base-pairing interactions between complementary RNA strands.t tag.ÿ |
b) Transfer DNA fragments from specific locations in a gel to the same relative
positions on a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane for testing. |
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Which of the following is an example of a complex, multi-genetic disease?
a) Huntington’s disease b) heart disease c) cystic fibrosis d) muscular dystrophy |
b) heart disease
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Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single base pair mutation in which protein?
a) The globin protein, which carries oxygen in the blood b) The myosin protein, which allows muscles to use oxygen c) The elastin protein that is needed to maintain very small blood vessels d) The fetal globin protein, which carries oxygen in the fetus |
a) The globin protein, which carries oxygen in the blood
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When a newly synthesized protein folds into a three dimension shape inside a cell, the hydrophobic amino acids in the protein are located:
a) on the outside of the three dimensional protein structure b) on the inside of the three dimensional protein structure c) only on surface of the three dimensional protein that interacts with the cytoplasm d) only on the part of the three dimensional protein that extends outside the membranerd9 |
b) on the inside of the three dimensional protein structure
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The correct description of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) is:
a) the donor nucleus is removed from an unfertilized egg cell and transferred into an “empty” adult cell that has no nucleus b) the donor nucleus is removed from an adult cell and transferred into an “empty” egg cell that has no nucleus c) the donor nucleus is removed from an adult sperm cell and transferred into an “empty” egg cell that has no nucleus d) the donor nucleus is removed from an adult egg cell and transferred into an “empty” skin cell that has no nucleus |
b) the donor nucleus is removed from an adult cell and transferred into an “empty”
egg cell that has no nucleus |
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Which of the following is a FALSE statement about mutations?
a) A mutation changes the bases (letters) in the DNA. b) A mutation can alter either the coding or non-coding regions of DNA c) A mutation that alters the DNA sequence of the coding region of a gene will often, but not always, change the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. d) A mutation that alters the DNA sequence of the gene’s coding region will always destroy the function of the encoded protein. |
d) A mutation that alters the DNA sequence of the gene’s coding region will always
destroy the function of the encoded protein. |
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Both the reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning methods begin with the same steps, but
the two methods diverge and follow different paths at the point where: a) the fate of the cloned blastocyst is decided b) an egg cell is fertilized by a sperm cell c) the embryonic stem cells are removed from the blastocyst d) the donor nucleus is transferred into an empty egg cell |
a) the fate of the cloned blastocyst is decided
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Which of the following statement(s) about the Genetic Code Table is TRUE?
a) many amino acids in the Genetic Code Table are encoded by more than one threeletter codon b) the Genetic Code Table contains three translation stop codons c) the Genetic Code Table contains one translation start codon d) all of the above e) none of the above. |
all of the above
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Which combination of genes is inherited by a person who has a disease caused by an
autosomal dominant mutation? a) Two normal copies of the normal (wild type) gene can cause the disease b) Two copies of the mutant gene are required to cause this disease c) One mutant copy of the gene and one normal copy of the gene cause the disease d) Several copies of the mutant gene are required for an autosomal dominant mutation to cause this disease |
c) One mutant copy of the gene and one normal copy of the gene cause the disease
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The human Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) is caused by a DNA chromosome rearrangement
that results in the formation of a: a) new cancer gene (oncogene) that causes a blood cancer b) very unusual circular human chromosome c) lethal gene mutation that kills the cells immediately d) chromosome shaped like the city plan of Philadelphia |
a) new cancer gene (oncogene) that causes a blood cancer
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DNA probes:
a) are always double-stranded in order to work as a DNA probe b) are composed of protein building blocks c) are designed to bind to proteins that bind to the chromosomes d) must be complementary to a sequence in the target DNA |
d) must be complementary to a sequence in the target DNA
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The reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning methods both start with which process?
a) Implantation of the cloned blastocyst into the wall of the uterus b) Fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell c) Harvesting embryonic stem cells from blastocyst embryos d) Transferring a donor nucleus into an empty egg cell |
d) Transferring a donor nucleus into an empty egg cell
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Which of the following cannot be detected by analyzing a karyotype display?
a) Downs syndrome b) the gender of the developing embryo c) sickle cell anemia disease d) all of the above e) none of the above |
c) sickle cell anemia disease
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Which of the following is an example of a monogenic disease?
a) Huntington’s disease b) coronary heart disease c) Type II diabetes d) Alzheimer’s diseasehy |
a) Huntington’s diseasee
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What is the most common reason that a criminal court case might end in a wrongful
conviction? a) False confession by the defendant b) Incorrect eyewitness identification of the defendant c) False testimony from informants and other witnesses d) Contaminated DNA and blood samples e) Incompetent and ineffective lawyersardd |
b) Incorrect eyewitness identification of the defendant.
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DNA samples that have not been degraded can be recovered from which part of the human
body even many years after death? a) in the bone marrow of the long bones b) muscles and flesh tissues c) brain tissue and spinal cord d) all of the above e) none of the above |
a) in the bone marrow of the long bones
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Eucaryotic chromosomes are composed of repeated DNA-protein structures called
nucleosomes that contain: a) single-stranded regions of the DNA genome b) histone proteins and genome DNA c) histone proteins and RNA strands d) all of the above e) none of the above |
b) histone proteins and genome DNA
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In biology, a chimera is an organism that:
a) has two different biological mothers b) is made up of two genetically different types of cells c) has two different surrogate mothers d) contains different cells, all with identical DNA genomesgment |
b) is made up of two genetically different types of cells
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Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder; a person inherits cystic fibrosis disease from which combination of genes?
a) two normal genes without mutations (CFTR, CFTR) b) one normal and one mutant gene (cftr, CFTR) c) two mutant genes (cftr, cftr) d) all of the above e) none of the above |
c) two mutant genes (cftr, cftr)
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When newly made proteins are released from ribosomes, all of the new proteins must:
a) adopt random shapes so that the protein can get out of the nucleus through pores b) adopt a spherical shape so that the protein can fuse with the nuclear membrane c) adopt a rod-like shape so that the protein can pass through the nuclear membrane without going through a nuclear pore d) adopt specific three dimensional shapes dictated by the amino acids in the protein and the environment in the cellt |
d) adopt specific three dimensional shapes dictated by the amino acids in the protein and the environment in the cell
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45. Which nuclear cloning method creates genetically matched embryonic stem cells for use in developing personalized medical treatments?
a) reproductive cloning b) therapeutic cloning c) both of the above d) neither of the above |
b) therapeutic cloning
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DNA Fingerprint tests are performed on cellular debris such as hair, blood, saliva, semen, skin, and nail clippings. What does it mean when the results of DNA Fingerprinting tests indicate that two DNA samples are 100% identical?
a) the DNA samples are from the same person b) the DNA samples are from genetically identical twins c) the DNA samples are from two human clones (derived from the same nucleus) d) all of the above e)none of the above603109 |
d) all of the above
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A single base-pair mutation can:
a) cause a wide range of possible illnesses or other phenotypes from viable to lethal b) have no impact on the trait or phenotype of the organism c) alter both the structure and function of a protein product d) all of the above e) none of the aboves |
d) all of the above
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