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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neural crest derivatives?
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DR DP ESCAPes in the AM to save Face
Dorsal Root ganglia oDontoblasts (dentin) Pigment (melanocytes) Endocardial cushions Schwann cells, Sympathetic ganglion C cells (parafollicular) of thyroid Arachnoid and Pia mater Adrenal Medulla chromaffin cells Facial bones |
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Surface ectodermal derivatives?
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DEAd PEEL
Distal male urethra Enamel Adenohypophysis (rathke's pouch) Parotid gland Epidermis Ear (external and inner, not middle) Lens of eye |
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Defects from lack of mesodermal derivatives?
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VATER
Vertebral defects Anal atresia Tracheo-Esophageal fistula Renal defects |
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Fetal Erythropoiesis?
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Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
Yolk sac (3-8 wk) Liver (6-30 wk) Spleen (9-28 wk) Bone marrow (28 wk onward) |
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Clefts, Arches, and Pouches
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CAP
Clefts~Ecto Arches~Meso Pouches~Endo |
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Aortic Arches? Branchial Arches?
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1st--MAX ; maxillary a.; M's (meckel's cartilage, mm. of mastication) CN V2 and V3
2nd--Second~Stapedial a., Smile (CN VII) 3rd--3rd letter C; Carotid a.; CN IX 4th--4 limbs; systemic, aortic arch; superior laryngeal n 6th--pulmonary a. and ductus arteriosus; CN X recurrent laryngeal n When at the restaurant of the golden ARCHES, children tend to CHEW, then SMILE, then SWALLOW STYLishly or SIMPLY SWALLOW, and the SPEAK. |
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Fetal-postnatal derivatives~
Umbilical vein? Umbilical arteries? Ductus arteriosus? Ductus venosus? Foramen ovale? Allantois? Notochord? |
Umbilical vein: ligamentum teres; contained in falciform ligament
Umbilical arteries: medial umbilical ligaments Ductus arteriosus: ligamentum arteriosum Ductus venosus: ligamentum venosum Foramen ovale: fossa ovalis Allantois: urachus, median umbilical ligament Notochord: nucleus pulposus |
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Interatrial septum development?
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Septum primum grows toward endocardial cushions as foramen primum narrows. Foramen secundum forms in the middle of the septum primum as R-to-L shunt. Septum secundum begins to grow; it contains a permanent opening (foramen ovale). Foramen primum disappears and septum primum degenerates. Septum primum becomes valve for foramen ovale. Septum primum and septum secundum fuse to close the foramen ovale.
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The five main section of the developing heart and what do they give rise to?
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Truncus arteriosus: pulmonary trunk and aorta
Bulbus cordis: smooth parts of R/L ventricles Primitive vesicle: trabeculated R/L ventricles Primitive atria: trabeculated R/L atria Sinus venosus: R horn becomes smooth part of right atrium, L horn becomes coronary sinus |
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Twinning?
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2-cell stage split: yields dichorionic and diamnionic
Morula stage split: yields monochorionic and diamnionic Blastocyst stage split: yields monochorionic and monoamnionic Split of embryonic disc yields conjoined twins, monochorionic and monoamnionic |
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Important genes of embryogenesis and their fxns?
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SHH: produced at the base of limbs in zone of polarizing activity. A/P axis.
Wnt-7: produced at distal end of developing limb in apical ectodermal ridge. D/V axis. FGF: Produced in apical ectodermal ridge. Stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm in order to lengthen limb. Homeobox (Hox): Responsible for segmental organization in craniocaudal axis. Mutations lead to appendages in wrong locations. |
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Interventricular septum development?
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Muscular ventricular septum forms. Neural crest cells migrate to form AP septum which grows spirally to meet and fuse with muscular septum. This section becomes a membranous septum.
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Branchial pouches?
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Ear, tonsils, bottom-to-top
Ear: pouch 1; middle ear, eustachian tube Tonsils: pouch 2; epithelial lining of palatine tonsils Bottom-To: pouch 3; dorsal is inferior parathyroid, ventral is thymus Top: pouch 4; superior parathyroid |
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DiGeorge Syndrome?
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Aberrant 3rd and 4th pouch formation. Thymic aplasia and hypocalcemia (lack of parathyroid glands).
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Sensory and taste innervation of tongue?
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People makes Faces as they Taste.
Arches 1, 3, and 4 form innervation of the tongue. CN VII (corda tympani) provides taste to anterior 2/3 and hitches a ride via CN V3 (sensation anterior 2/3). CN IX and X are the sensation and taste to the posterior 1/3 and extreme posterior portions of the tongue. |
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Muscles of the tongue derive from where?
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Occipital myotomes.
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Typical thyroid development begins where? What is the process? If the remnant persists and a cyst forms, where will it be located and will it move with swallowing?
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Development begins at the foramen cecum down the thyroglossal duct to the normal site of the thyroid. Most common site for ectopic thyroids is the tongue. If a cyst develops in the thyroglossal duct, it will be seen midline and it will move when swallowing (its attached to the tongue) as opposed to the persisten cervical sinus/branchial cleft cyst which does not move when swallowing.
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What is the etiology of a cleft lip? cleft palate?
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Cleft lips are caused by failure of fusion between maxillary and medial nasal processes.
Cleft palates are caused by failure of fusion between the lateral palatine processes and the nasal septum and/or medial palatine process. |
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Developing babies who can't urinate develop what syndrome?
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Potter's
Babies who can't Pee in utero develop Potter's. Malformation of ureteric buds. |
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SRY plays what role in genital embryology?
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SRY is a gene on the Y chromosome. It produces testis determining factor. The developing testes play a crucial role in complete development. Sertoli cells secrete mullerian inhibitory factor to inhibit paramesonephric/mullerian duct development. Leydig cells secrete androgens which maintain the mesonephric/wolfian duct.
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Why is DHT required? What does a 5a-reductase deficiency cause?
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DHT is required for male external genitalia to form.
5a-reductase deficiency causes male internal genitalia and ambiguous external genitalia until puberty...penis at 12. |
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What is the fate of the metanephros, mesonephros, and pronephros in kidney embryology?
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The pronephros develops first during week 4 and degenerates. The mesonephros (wolfian duct) functions as an interim kidney during the first trimester. Genital differentiation can maintain (male genital system) or regress this duct. The metanephros becomes the permanent kidney.
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What are the clinical presentations of congenital pyloric stenosis? Tracheoesophageal fistula? Duodenal atresia?
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Palpable mass in epigastric region/right costal margin and nonbilious projectile vomiting.
Vomiting with feeding, air bubbles in stomach, polyhydramnios, and failure to pass NG tube into stomach. Double bubble on x-ray, bilious vomit, and polyhydramnios. |
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Which arteries supply the foregut? Midgut? and Hindgut? What parts of the GI tract do these terms contains?
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Foregut: Celiac a.; pharynx to duodenum
Midgut: SMA; duodenum to transverse colon Hindgut: IMA; transverse colon to rectum |
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When does the midgut herniate through the umbilical ring?
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This happens during the 6th week. Around week 10 it returns to the abdominal cavity and rotates around the SMA.
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Fetal Circulation?
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Oxygenated blood flows from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical vein. This flows to but bypasses the liver via the ductus venosus. This oxygen rich blood enters the right atrium (IVC) and travels through the foramen ovale to hit systemic circulation, mainly the head. Systemic/oxygen depleted blood returns to the heart via SVC but travels through the right atrium to the pulmonary circulation. A large portion of this bypasses the lungs via the ductus arteriosus (enters aorta after left subclavian). This blood returns to the placenta via two umbilical arteries.
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Spina bifida occulta? Meningocele? Meningomyelocele?
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Spina bifida occulta: spine fails to close, dura intact, tuft of hair on skin overlying defect.
Meningocele: meninges herniate through the spinal column defect. Meningomyelocele: meninges and spinal cord herniate through defect. This defect is associated with decreased folic acid during pregnancy. |