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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physical Properties
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Color, Shape, Cover, Hand, Luster, Pilling Propensity
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Color
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Manuf. fibers are usually white, whereas naural fibers vary in shade from white to brown, tan, and black.
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Shape
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Length, cross section, surface, diameter, crimp
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Length
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Fibers may be staple (short) or filament (long).
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Cross section
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Cross section refers to the apperance of the fiber when viewed across its diameter
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Surface
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Surface contour is sometimes referred to as longitudinal apperance
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Diameter
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The width of the cross section
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Crimp
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The waves of bumps in a fiber
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Cover
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the ability of a fabric to hide what is beneath it
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Hand
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Texture, or how the fiber feels
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Luster
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the amount of light that is reflected from a fiber
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Pilling propensity
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the likelihood that small balls of fiber will form on the surface of a fabric
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Mechanical Properties
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Abrasion Resistance, Dimensional Stability, Elastic Recovery, Elongation, Flexibility, Resiliency or wrinkle recovery, Specific gravity or density, Tenacity
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Abrasion Resistance
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ability of a fiber to withstand the effects of rubbing or friction
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Dimensional Stability
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ability of a fiber to maintain its original shape
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Elastic Recovery
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ability of a fiber to return to its original length after being stretched
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Creep Recovery
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term used to describe a fiber that will slowly recover its original length after being stretched
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Elongation
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lengtheningor stretching of a fiber
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Flexability
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fibers that bend or fold easily
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Drape
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the ability of a fabric to hang in graceful folds
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Resiliency or wrinkle
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ability of a fiber to return to its original shape following bending or folding
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Specific gravity or density
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compares the fiber mass to an equal volume of water
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Tenacity
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fiber strength
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Chemical Properties
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Absorbency, Wicking, Electrial conductivity, chemical reactivity, Effect of heat, Flammability
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Absorbency
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ability of a fiber to take in moisture.
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Hydrophilic Fibers
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those that can absorb moisture
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Hydrophobic fibers
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do not readily absorb moisture
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Moisture regain
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the ability of a completley dry fiber to absorb moisture
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Wicking
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ability of a fiber to carry moisture along its surface
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Electrical Conductivity
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fibers that dont conduct electrial charges create static electricity
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Chemical Reactivity
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fibers differ in their reaction to chemicals. Dyes, pigments, finishes, soaps, detergents, and bleaches are ex's of chemical agents.
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Effect of heat
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fibers react differently to heat. Most synthetic fibers are thermoplastic
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Thermoplastic
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fibers will melt or soften when exposed to heat
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Flammabiltiy
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Fibers react differently to flames. Some will ignite, others will smolder. Still some will not burn.
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Environmental Properties
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Sensitivity to climate, Sensitivity to Microorganisms, Sensitivity to insects
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Sensitivity to climate
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Exposure to sunlight and air pollution will cause some fibers to deteriorate
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Sensitivity to Microorganisms
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some fibers support the growth of microorganisms (mold & mildew); some don't
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Sensitivity to insects
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Some fibers are attacked by insects such as silverfish, carpet beetles, and moths; some dont
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