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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Strategy of gene regulation in which a relatively small number of time- and tissue specific positive and negative regulatory elements are used in various combinations to regulate the expression of a much larger number of genes.
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combinatorial control
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Any of a group of genes that establish the basic anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes of the early embryo.
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coordinate gene
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Any of a group of genes that control the development of contiguous segments or parasegments in Drosophila such that mutations result in gaps in the pattern of segmentation.
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gap gene
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A DNA sequence motif found in the coding region of many regulatory genes; the amino acid sequence corresponding to the homeobox has a helix-loop-helix structure.
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homeobox
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Any of a group of genes in which a mutation results in the replacement of one body structure for another body structure.
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homeotic (HOX) gene
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Structures present in the body of insect larvae from which the adult structures develop during pupation.
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imaginal disk
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A chart of cell lineages and their developmental fates.
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lineage diagram
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A mutation that eliminates gene function; also called a null mutation.
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loss-of-function mutation
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Any of a group of genes active early in Drosophila development that specifies the fates of alternating segments or parasegments. Mutations in these genes result in loss of even-numbered or odd-numbered segments or parasegments.
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pair-rule gene
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Developmental unit in Drosophila consisting of the posterior part of one segment and the anterior part of the next segment in line.
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parasegment
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Any characteristic of an organism that improves its chance of survival and reproduction in its environment; the evolutionary process by which a species undergoes progressive modification favoring its survival and reproduction in a given environment.
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adaptation
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Cumulative change in the genetic characteristics of a species through time.
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evolution
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A measure of the average ability of organisms with a given genotype to survive and reproduce.
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fitness
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A measure of the genetic effects of inbreeding in terms of the proportionate reduction in heterozygosity in an inbred organism compared with the heterozygosity expected with random mating.
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inbreeding coefficient (F)
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A group of statistical methods for estimating gene trees and often, by inference, the evolutionary relationships among the taxa of which the genes are representative.
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molecular phylogenetics
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In a phylogenetic tree, the most recent node that unites a particular subset of sequences, characters, or species.
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most recent common ancestor (MRCA)
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System of mating in which mating pairs are formed independently of genotype and phenotype
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random mating
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In evolution, condition that alters the ability of genotypes to survive and reproduce; in plant and animal breeding, the choosing of organisms with certain phenotypes to be parents of the next generation; in mutation studies, a procedure designed in such a way that only a desired type of cell can survive.
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selection
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The amount by which relative fitness is reduced or increased.
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selection coefficient
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A mutation that has no (or negligible) effects on fitness.
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selectively neutral mutation
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