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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The geocentric model of the universe assumes that the Earth's ____ is zero
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motion
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A light-year is defined as the
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distance light travels in one year
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In space, light travels at about
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300,000 km/s
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The Sun appears to circle the celestial sphere once a year on the
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ecliptic
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The point in the sky directly overhead is called the
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zenith
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The meridian is
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an imaginary half-circle stretching from your souther horizon, through a point overhead, to your northern horizon
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Circumpolar stars
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remain constantly above the horizon and make counterclockwise circles around the north celestial pole
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____ is the change in direction that Earth's axis points in space; the cycle is 26,000 years long
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precession
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A spinning top stays upright or a spinning ice skater speeds up when she pulls her arms in because of the
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law of conservation of angular momentum
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___, an effect due to the Moon's varying orbital speed, allows us to see 59% of the Moon's surface over the course of a month even though we can never see more than 50% of the Moon's surface at any one time
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Libration
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Which one of the following is NOT a type of Lunar eclipse
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annular
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Which one of the following is NOT a type of solar eclipse
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penumbral
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A simple explanation of ___ is a major feature of a Sun-centered (heliocentric) solar system
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retrograde motion
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The white-light images produced by Galileo's early telescopes were tinged with color because of
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chromatic aberration
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Which one of the following statements about Tycho Brahae is NOT true
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he was an early user of the telescope
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Johannes Kepler was the first to show that planets move
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in elliptical orbits around the Sun
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Kepler's second law states that the line joining the Sun and a planet sweeps through
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equal ares in equal times
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Which one of the following observations of Venus made by Galileo is a proof of the heliocentric model
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a full set of phases
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Which one of the following did Galileo NOT observe
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Galaxies (other than our own MW)
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Copernicus' great work, published in 1543, that set forth the heliocentric model was titled
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De Revolutionibus
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The principle of Simplicity is also known as
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Occam's Razor
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The energy within a substance-the collective energy of all the particles-that is measured by its temperature is
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thermal energy
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An object is moving through space. If all corces are removed from the object, it will
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continue in a straight line at constant (non-accelerating) speed
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Mass-energy is given by the equation
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E=mc2
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When you are in free-fall you are
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weightless
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the units from the acceleration of gravity are
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m/s2
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Which one of the following is NOT a major contribution of Isaac Newton
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Newton invented the refracting telescope
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Which one of the following statements is NOT true (angular momentum)
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Angular momentum is conserved only under certain conditions
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The universal law of gravitation follows
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an inverse-square law with distance
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THe unit of power is a ___
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watt
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Light, a form of electromagnetic radiation, behaves like
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a wave and a particle
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black-body radiation is also called ___ radiation
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thermal
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A piece of glass or plastic etched with many closely spaced lines is called a
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diffraction grating
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Photons (think "light") of higher energy have
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higher frequency and shorter wavelength
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Spectra of hotter black bodies peak (i.e. have their highest brightness) at ___ wavelengths than spectra of colder black bodies
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shorter
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Which one of the following is the correct sequence on the electromagnetic spectrum from short to long wavelength
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gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radio
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A blackbody spectrum depends on the ___ of the emitting object
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temperature
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As a train rushes toward a stationary observer standing by the tracks, the pitch of the train's whistle ___, and this effect is called ___
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goes up/blueshift
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Which one of the following statements is not true (doppler)
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doppler effect can tell us how fast an object is moving across our line of sight
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The human eye has an angular resolution of about
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1 arcminute
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Light-gathering power of a telescope
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is proportional to the diameter of the telescope's main light-collection device (i.e., lens or mirror)
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When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes
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an ion
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Angular resolution, even of large telescopes, is ultimately limited by the properties of light, called the___
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diffraction limit
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Which one of the following is NOT a factor in limiting Earth-bound visual observation of astronomical objects
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eclipses
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Linking two telescopes together in a technique called interferometry improves
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angular resolution
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The technology of using computer-controlled mirrors that change shape many times a minute to compensate for atmospheric distortions is called
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adaptive optics
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Nested arrays of grazing incidence mirrors allow astronomers to focus ___ radiation
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x-ray
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The Earth's atmosphere shields us from most kinds of electromagnetic radiation. Which radiation is NOT transmitted through the Earth's atmosphere to the surface where we live
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gamma ray, x-ray, almost all ultraviolet, and some infrared radiation
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The 88 major groupings of stars in the night sky are called
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constellations
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Scientific notation uses powers of ___ to express very large numbers
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10
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The more distant a planet is from the Sun, the planet's orbital speed will
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decrease (move slower)
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When a cool gas removes energy at a particular wavelength from radiation passing through it, it creates a
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absorption (dark) line
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Which one of the following statements about scientific models is true
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A model can be used to explain and predict real phenomena
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A blackbody is both a ___ absorber and a ___ emitter of radiation
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perfect/perfect
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___ comes from moving regions of air in the Earth's atmosphere
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Twinkling
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Nuclear fusion is
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the process of combining lightweight nuclei to make heavier nuclei
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Which one of the following statements about the celestial sphere is not true
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the "celestial sphere" is just another name for our universe
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If the Moon is setting at 7 AM the phase of the Moon must be
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full
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We see essentially the same face of the Moon at all times because
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the Moon's rotational and orbital periods are equal
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Which one of the following observations helped disprove the Earth-centered universe model
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Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter
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