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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The units of monomers used to create the polymer called protein are called
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Nucleic acids
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Hydrolysis is a ________ reaction.
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Cleavage
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In unsaturated fats, fatty acid tail have one or more
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double covalent bonds
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The number of different amino acids is
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20
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A compound that releases sodium ions when dissolved in water is a
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salt
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The positive subatomic particle is the
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proton
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Which list of elements is most similar to those elements contained in amino acids
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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The negative subatomic particle is the
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electron
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The bond that holds atoms together do so through the sharing or through a transfer of
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electrons
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Which of the following terms best describes the process that synthesizes a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
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Anabolism and dehydration
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Starch and cellulose are compounds consisting of repeating units of
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simple sugars
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Which is an example of a polysaccharide?
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Cellulose
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Methane
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is the simplest organic compound
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All ___ have a rigid backbone of four fused-together carbon rings
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steroids
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Long sequence of amino acids
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protein
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glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate
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phospholipid
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two strands of nucleotide polymers
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DNA
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The main energy carrier
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ATP
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One or more sugar monomers
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carbohydrate
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Peptide bonds link together long chains of
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amino acids
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DNA and RNA are examples of
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nucleotides
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Sucrose is formed from fructose and glucose by
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dehydration synthesis
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Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are composed entirely of ____ subunits
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glucose
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A triglyceride is formed from glycerol and ______ fatty acids
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three
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A compound that readily releases -OH is a
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base
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Which of the following denotes an alcohol?
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-Ol
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A triglyceride is formed from glycerol and fatty acids by
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dehydration reactions
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The molecule shown above can be linked to others just like it to form a macromolecule or polymer called a
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protein
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The smallest organizational unit having a capacity to survive and reproduce on its own is
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a cell
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Ions are
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charged atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons
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Sodium has eleven protons. How many electrons does it have in its outermost shell?
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one
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The two functional groups which are present in all amino acids are
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-COOH and -NH2
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All forms of matter are made up of one or more naturally occurring fundamental structures called
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atoms
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A scientific theory
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is an explanation of a broad range of related phenomena based on repeated testing of a hypothesis
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Isotopes of an element differ from other isotopes of the same element in their
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number of neutrons
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NaCl is an example of a molecule that has
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ionic bonds
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The most abundant element in your body is
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oxygen
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An atom with a unfilled outer shell is
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likely to bond with another atom
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Which one of the following is not a polysaccharide
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fat
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A triglyceride with a saturated fatty acid
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is found in lard
is usually an animal fat has a backbone with no double bonds is solid at room temp |
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What type of organic molecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
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a carbohydrate
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What is the most abundant type of lipid in cell membranes
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phospholipids
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Which functional group is found in glucose?
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hydroxyl (alcohol) group
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All organic compounds contain
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carbon
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The control group in an experiment
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allows a standard of comparison for the experimental group
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The basic building block molecules that make up the complex (or polymer) carbohydrates are
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monosaccharides
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Water molecules tend to stick to each other because of
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hydrogen bonds
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Cellulose, glucose and glycogen belong to a group of organic compounds known as
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carbohydrates
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Bonds which result from a complete transfer of electrons are called
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ionic bond
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The nucleic acid DNA can do only two things, one is to make RNA and the other is to
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duplicate itself
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Nucleic acids consist of long chains of repeating units called
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nucleotides
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Enzymes are (almost all) composed of
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protein
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Which of the following endings denotes an enzyme?
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-ase
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Which of the following is characteristic of DNA?
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Occurs in all cells
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The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and neutrons. The neutrons each have
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no charge
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Which of the following will be the least reactive?
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an atom with a filled outer energy level
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When two atoms combine with the sharing of a pair of electrons, the bond is termed
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covalent
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The smallest unit of an element that can exist is
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an atom
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The word root ending for carb molecules is usually
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-ose
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The process where water is removed between two amino acids to build a dipeptide is called
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dehydration synthesis
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Atoms join to form
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molecules
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An atom with unequal numbers of electrons and protons is called
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ion
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Fatty acids having no double bonds between carbon atoms are said to be
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saturated
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Which of the following elements is found in proteins but not carbs
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nitrogen
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A dipeptide is
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two sugar molecules joined together
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Which of the following is least related to the others?
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Amino acids
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Glycine and cysteine are two amino acids. At which part of the molecule do they differ?
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at their R group
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A fat results from the union of a ___ molecule and three fatty acids
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glycerol
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The functional group on an organic acid may be called the
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carboxyl
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The joining of smaller organic molecules into larger chains for example, amino acids in proteins, is called
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polymerization
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If you were studying enzymes, which of the following macromolecules would you most likely be working with?
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proteins
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A molecule is
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a combination of two or more atoms
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Which substance is the most common in cells?
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water
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During digestion, complex organic foods are divided into simpler compounds by
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hydrolysis
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Which of the following will be the most reactive?
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an atom with an unfilled outer energy level
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If a lipid has fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule, it is called a
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phospholipid
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If a lipid has only fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule, it is called a
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phospholipid
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If a molecule is composed of one long fatty acid attached to one long alcohol molecule, it is called a
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wax
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A pentose is
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a monosaccharide with 5 carbons
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Phospholipids are found in
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biological membranes
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The smallest structural unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element is called an atom. The word atom means
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not cutable
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Hydrolysis reactions involve
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the addition of water and are the reverse of condensation
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The greatest amount of energy is contained in a gram of
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fat
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When a protein permanently loses its characteristic three-dimensional structure, it is said to be
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denaturated
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Those proteins which act as catalysts for biochemical reactions are called
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enzymes
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All carbs have a basic formula of
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(CH2O)n
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Maltose may be chemically described as
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a disaccharide
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Choose the term which is least like the others
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Amino acids
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Which of the following is not a key characteristic of life
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inability to change
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A scientific explanation that is tentative and requires more investigation is termed a
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hypothesis
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Polar covalent bonds formed when
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electrons are shared unequally between atoms
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The sequence of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins
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primary
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Large biological molecules are synthesized by removing
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water
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Fatty acid molecules with double bonds between carbon atoms are said to be
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unsaturated
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Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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lipid manufacture
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What is the purpose of the cell wall
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support and protection
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____ can readily diffuse across a lipid bilayer
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Inside the nuclear envelope the DNA may be found in the form of fine diffuse strands is called
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chromatin
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Lysosomes
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contain digestive enzymes
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Which of the following is a type of vesicle produced by the Golgi body
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lysosome
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Which of the components of cytoskeleton are used directly for movement?
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mictrotubules
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What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?
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Both processes involve the formation of vesicles
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This organelle is more likely to be found in a plant cell than in an animal cell
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central vacuole
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What is a role of proteins found in eukaryotic plasma membranes
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regulating the flow of materials through the membrane
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In all cells DNA is located in
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chromosomes
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What is the main product of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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proteins
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Scientists demonstrated the fluidity of plasma membranes by
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fusing the membranes of two different species
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Which of the following is involved in lipid synthesis and modification?
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smooth ER
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Chloroplasts contain disk-like membranous sacs arranged in stacks. The stacks are called
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grana
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Not all substances can cross the cell membrane, for this reason, the cell membrane is said to be
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selectively permeable
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In a typical cell the substance found in the highest percentage is
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Water
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Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA?
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RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to make proteins
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What activity occurs in the nucleolus?
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Ribosome parts are created
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We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells, but not found in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with prokaryotic cells, but not animal cells?
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cell wall
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The term cell comes from this scientist's work and his description of the compartmentation he saw in thin slices of corks
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hooke
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Which organelle below is capable of producing its own protein?
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Mitochondrium
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As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme
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is unchanged
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In a lipid bilayer, _____ of lipid molecules are sandwiched between_____
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hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads
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What role does the cytoskeleton play in a living cell?
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all of these
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Which of the following are the primary cellular sites for the release or capture of energy from carbs?
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mitochondria
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Which of the following organelles is most important in providing energy to the cell?
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mitochondrion
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The cell organelle that processes and packages substances produced by the cell is
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dictyosomes
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Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis
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carbon dioxide and water
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Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function?
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Golgi bodies:packaging
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What cellular process involves an inward sinking of a small patch of membrane to form a cytoplasmic vesicle?
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Endocytosis
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If lysosomes bursts inside a cell, the immediate result is likely to be
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the cell will be digested from within
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Which of the following are sometimes referred to as rough or smooth depending on surface structure?
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endoplasmic reticula
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The presence of which of the following features distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
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nucleoid
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Two ____ act as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
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lipid bilayers
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Which of these is not found in the nucleus
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functioning ribosomes
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The cell organelle that digests molecules, old organelles and foreign substances inside cells is
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lysosomes
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This organelle is more likely to be found in an animal cell than in a plant cell.
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none of the above
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What are flagella
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long whip-like projections
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For diffusion to occur in a given direction, there must be
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a gradient
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The outer limit of a living cell is always the
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cell membrane
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The fluid-mosaic model represents the modern view of
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a membrane's structure
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The cell organelle that organizes protein synthesis is
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ribosomes
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The net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration is described by which of the following?
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diffusion
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Which organelle releases oxygen
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chloroplast
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What is the smallest thing in the following list
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Atom
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A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of
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phagocytosis
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