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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are tissues?
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A group of cells that have the same structure and function
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What is an organ?
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A group of tissues working together to perform a task
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What is an organ system?
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A system that includes one or more organs that work together to perform specific functions in the body
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What is the body hierarchy?
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Cells - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism
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What are the 6 nutrient groups?
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Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins (and water)
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What is an enzyme?
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A protein found in the body that helps to speed up chemical reactions, such as digestion
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What are the building blocks for carbohydrates?
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A simple carbohydrate is a molecule of sugar while a complex carbohydrates is a chain of simple carbohydrates such as pasta
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What are the building blocks for proteins?
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Amino acids which play a role in metabolism
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What are the building blocks of fats?
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Lipids
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What is mechanical digestion?
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The breakdown of food by chewing into small pieces to swallow
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What is chemical digestion?
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The breakdown of food by chemicals in the body; begins with amylase, an enzyme produced by saliva, helps break down complex carbohydrates into simples carbohydrates
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What is a bolus?
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A softened lump of food that has been chewed and covered in saliva so that it can be swallowed
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What is bile?
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A substance in the body that breaks down globs of fat into smaller droplets; produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
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What is peristalsis?
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The process in which muscles in the esophagus push boli down to the stomach; also occurs in the small and large intestines
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What is the path food takes upon ingestion?
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The food undergoes mechanical and chemical digestion in your mouth. The bolus then goes down your esophagus and is let through your sphincter into your stomach. It then goes down the duodenum and then the small intestine. It then goes down the large intestine and out through the excretion system
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What does the mouth do to break down food?
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The food undergoes mechanical digestion as it is broken down with your teeth and is chemically digested because of your saliva that contains amylase to break down food
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What does the stomach do to break down food?
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It contains gastric juice that contains pepsin to break down proteins; flow is regulated because of the two sphincters on either end
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What is a sphincter?
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They are round muscles found on either end of your stomach which opens up to regulate flow of boli and chyme
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What does the small intestine do?
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Connects to the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder which release enzymes to help break down the nutrients further then it undergoes absorption where the nutrients are absorbed
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What does the large intestine do?
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Takes undigested material and reabsorb water and other materials
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What is trypsin?
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An enzyme that breaks down proteins
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What is lipase?
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An enzyme that breaks down lipids
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What is amylase?
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An enzyme found in both your pancreas and saliva to break down starch into disaccharides
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What is pepsin?
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An enzyme in gastric juice that breaks down protein
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What is the path that blood takes in your heart?
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The deoxygenated blood comes through the vena cavas and gets pumped through your right atrium to your right ventricle then to your lungs to get oxygen. The oxygenated blood comes back through your pulmonary artery then through your left atrium than ventricle then through the aorta
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What are arteries?
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Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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What are veins?
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Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
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What are your capillaries?
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Networks of tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to venules
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What is the role of diffusion in the alveoli?
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In the alveoli this is where gas exchange takes place. This is where the oxygen diffuses into the capillaries while carbon dioxide diffuses out; this is how your blood is oxygenated
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What is special about the pulmonary artery?
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The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs ;it normally carries oxygenated blood to your body
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What is special about the pulmonary vein?
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The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart; it usually carries deoxygenated blood to your lungs
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What is the circulatory system?
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The body system that moves blood throughout the body; includes the heart, blood vessels and blood
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What is the respiratory system?
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The body system that supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood
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What is your blood composition?
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55% plasma (water, proteins, dissolved salts)
45% other components (red, white blood cells, platelets) |
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What are red blood cells?
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Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs
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What are white blood cells?
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Blood cells that fight infection and help prevent the growth of cancer
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What are platelets?
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A component of blood; cell fragments that are important for clotting
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