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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
Study of body structure |
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Physiology |
Study of how the body functions |
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Levels of organization |
Chemicals Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism |
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Epithelial tissues |
Cover or line body surfaces, outer layer of skin for example |
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Connective tissues |
Connect and support parts of the body, blood, bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue |
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Muscle tissues |
Specialized for contraction, skeletal and smooth found in organs |
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Nerve tissues |
Specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses |
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Homeostasis |
Reflects the ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable metabolism and function normally despite many constant changes |
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Anatomical position |
Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward, and feet slightly apart |
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Cranial cavity |
The brain |
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Spinal cavity |
Spinal cord |
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Thoracic |
The lungs and heart |
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Abdominal |
Contains many organs including the stomach, liver, and intestines |
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Pelvic |
The urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
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Diaphragm |
Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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Water |
A solvent and is continually moving within the body |
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Intracellular fluid (ICF) |
Water within the cells |
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Extracellular fluid (ECF) |
All the rest of the water, outside the cells |
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Cell membrane |
Selectively permeable |
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Nucleus |
Control center of the cell |
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Mitochondria |
"Power plants" where ATP is produced |
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Centrioles |
Important during cell division |
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Diffusion |
Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water |
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Active transport |
Cell uses ATP to move substances from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
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Mucous membranes |
Line body tracts that open to the environment, mucus traps dust and bacteria |
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Serous membranes |
In closed body cavities of the trunk, serous fluid prevents friction |
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Tendons |
Connect muscles to bones |
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Ligaments |
Connect bones to bones |
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Epidermis |
Outer layer of skin |
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Dermis |
Inner layer of skin |
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Diploid number of chromosomes |
46 for human |
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Haploid number of chromosomes |
23 for humans |
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Alveoli |
Air sacs of the lungs |
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Right lung |
3 lobes |
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Left lung |
2 lobes |
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Upper chambers |
Atria |
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Lower chambers |
Ventricles |
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Hypertension |
High blood pressure |
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Vitamin k |
Necessary for normal blood clotting when needed |
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Myocardial infarction |
Heart attack |
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Coronary arteries |
Supply the heart muscle itself with blood |
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Upper respiratory system |
Parts outside of the chest cavity |
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Lower respiratory system |
Parts found within the chest cavity |
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Mitosis |
One cell with diploid number of chromosomes divides once to form 2 cells each with the diploid number of chromosomes (46 for humans) |
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Cranial nerves |
12 pair |
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Olfactory |
Sense of smell |
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Optic |
Sense of sight |
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Vagus |
Peristalsis and increases digestive secretions |
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Frontal lobes |
Motor areas |
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Parietal lobes |
Interpret cutaneous sensations; taste areas |
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Temporal lobes |
Hearing |
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Occipital lobes |
Visual areas |
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Reflex |
An involuntary response to stimulus; automatic action |
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Mechanical digestion |
Physical breaking up of food into smaller pieces |
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Spermatogenesis |
Formation of sperm; begins at puberty and continues throughout life of the male |
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Oogensis |
Process is cyclical (every 28 days) from puberty until menopause |
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Medulla |
Vital signs;reflex centers for coughing, sneezing swallowing and vomiting |
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Cerebellum |
Coordination, muscle tone, maintenance of posture and equilibrium |
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Muscle tone |
State of slight contraction present in healthy muscles |
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Genetic potential for height |
Means how tall a person may become based on genetics |
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Central nervous system (CNS) |
Brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
Cranial and spinal nerves |
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Meiosis |
One cell with diploid number of chromosomes divides twice (2) to form four(4) cells each with the haploid number of chromosomes |
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Blood |
Transport materials |
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RBCs (erythrocytes) |
Carry oxygen |
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WBCs (leukocytes) |
Destroy pathogens |
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Platelets (thrombocytes) |
Prevent blood loss |
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Neurons |
Nerve cells |
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Axon |
Carries impulses away from the cell body |
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Dendrites |
Bring impulses toward the cell body |
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Melanocytes |
Produce the protein melanin which gives skin its color |
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Cerebrum |
Largest part of brain |
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Thalamus |
Functions concerned with sensations |
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ABO groups of blood |
-A, B, O, AB |
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O positive |
Universal donor |
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AB positive |
Universal recipient |
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Chemical digestion |
Complex chemical molecules are changes into simpler chemicals that the body can use |
