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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Psychology is formally defined as the scientific? |
Study of behavior and mental processes. |
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How did physiology contribute to the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline? |
Physiologists demonstrated that scientific methods could be applied to understanding human behavior and mental processes. |
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Watson and Skinner's contentions that psychology should focus on observable behaviors to discover the fundamental laws of learning from the basis of which major perspective in contemporary psychology? |
Behavioral |
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which of the following best represents psychology's basis goals? |
Describe, Explain, Predict, and Influence behavior |
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method? |
Apply findings to solve human problems |
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Psychologists use statistics to: |
Analyse the data and determine whether or not the results supports the hypothesis. |
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In contrast to the experimental method, the basic goal of the descriptive method is to: |
Observe and describe behavior |
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A__________is a specific question or prediction to be tested, whereas a(n) ____________tries to integrate and summarize a large number of findings. |
hypothesis;theory |
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In survey research, the term sample refers to a(n): |
Carefully selected segment of the large group that is to be studied. |
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Which of the following numbers is NOT a possible correlation coefficient? |
A) +1.00 B)-.98 C)+1.72 D)+.54 |
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Positive correlation is to negative correlation as _________ is to ____________. |
Variables moving in the same directions: variables moving in opposite directions. |
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Which of the following is a definition of the experimental method? |
Research method used to determine a cause-and effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effect that is produced on another variable. |
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In an experiment, the control group is the group of |
Participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, except the independent or treatment variable. |
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Under the American Psychological Association's ethical code for psychologists, psychological researchers |
Must respect the dignity and welfare of the research participant |
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The branch of science concerned with the study of the nervous system, especially in the brain, is called: |
Neuroscience |
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Neurons are |
highly specialized cells that receive and transmit info. from one area of the body to another |
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The three basic types of neurons are |
sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons |
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in combination the brain and spinal cord make up the: |
Central nervous system |
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In the endocrine system, chemical messengers called_____________, which circulate through the ________, communicate info. from one part of the body to another. |
hormones; blood stream |
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Neuroplasticity or simply plasticity refers to the brain's ability to: |
change function and structure |
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Which of the following is NOT a hindbrain structure? |
Hypothalamus |
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The primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called: |
the corpus callosum |
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Which of the following brain structures is NOT a key component of the limbic system |
the reticular formation |
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Broca's apshasia is to_____as Wernicke's aphasia is to______. |
expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia |
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Why was the split-brain operation first performed? |
to help control recurring epileptic seizures |
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In psychology, the term sensation formally refers to: |
the process of detecting a physical stimulus such as light, sound, heat, or pressure |
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In contrast to sensation, the term perception is formally defined as the: |
active mental process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory data. |
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According to______whether we can detect change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus |
Weber's law |
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The sensory receptor cells for vision are sensitive to: |
light |
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Rods are used for vision in ______light, and cones are used for vision in________light. |
dim;bright |
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The blind spot: |
is a small gap in our field of vision |
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The three basic properties of color are |
hue, saturation, and brightness |
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According to the opponent process theory of color vision, the three types of color receptors are: |
red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white |
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Our perception of sound is directly related to the physical properties of: |
sound waves |
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Smell and taste receptors respond to: |
chemical molecules |
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The primary tastes include |
sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami |
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The term kinesthetics means |
feelings of motion |
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The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory info. in a way that is meaningful is called: |
perception |
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bottom-up processing is to top-down processing as __________ to___________ |
data-driven processing; conceptually driven processing |
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because of the law of _________you perceive the following as three groups of dots....... ..... ...... |
proximity |
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because of the law of ________ you tend to perceive the following as three groups of letters BBBBBccccTTTTTT |
similarity |
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______ is the term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge. |
Cognition |
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How we use our cognitive abilities and accumulated knowledge to think, solve problems, and use language and all key dimensions of |
Intelligence |
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A mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present is called |
Mental image |