Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
684 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
way to reduce life hazards in a fire? |
remove all victims,
vent to draw fire away from victims, confine fire to isolated area |
|
when a unit first arrives to a fire their first action is to ______and then?
|
locate the seat of fire,
confine, extinguishment |
|
letting circumstances dictate procedures means you cant specify what ?
|
you cant specify in advance of every scenario |
|
COALWASWEALTH?
|
c onstruction
o ccupancy, a pparatus and manpower, l ife hazard, w ater supply, a uxillary appliances, s treet conditions, w eather, e xposures, a rea l ocation and extent, t ime, h eight |
|
combination of events that endanger victims?
|
time of day
occupancy location extent of fire |
|
methods of reducing life safety hazards before they occur?
the best choice is? |
imposing occupancy load restrictions
improving exits specify fire doors and partitions install complete wet pipe sprinkler(best choice) |
|
____% of all civilian fire deaths occur in residential fires?
|
80% occur in residential fires
|
|
_____ff's die in vacant building fires each year?
|
18ff's
|
|
cad messages can be transmitted in the field in what ways?
|
by dispatch as part of alert message
,flash it on video display terminal, teletype to each unit( best method) have message repeated 1 min after dispatched |
|
sizing up potential collapse relies heavily upon?
|
experience, close observations and reporting by all members
|
|
a fire venting from one or 2 windows usually means?
for how long? |
fire is confined to one room and has been at flashover stage for 1-5 minutes
|
|
a system used to track time during a fire?
|
time mark system
|
|
time mark systems reports serve what purposes?
|
allows supervisors to monitor conditions. allows additional responding units to use information
|
|
time marks biggest purpose is?
|
to force IC to recognize that time is passing and requires him to evaluated and verbalize what progress is or isnt being made
|
|
The first building contstruction implication is the degree of compartmentalization of a bldng which can promote or thwart? |
fire spread |
|
2nd implication is the degree that a building adds? |
to the fire load itself |
|
a type of metal construction that does add to fire load is? |
metal deck roof fire. underside gets hot and heats up/melts the tar (water proofing agent) between metal decking layers which gives off combustible gases to the point the gases ignite and rains down melted tar balls on everything below. |
|
3rd concern related to building construction is number of?
|
hidden voids
|
|
fire in _______is responsible for the destruction of more buildings than anything else?
|
fire in voids
|
|
4th concern with building construction is?
|
the ability of a building to resist collapse
|
|
non combustible building refers to? |
(Type 2 building) fuel contributed by structural components, not its resistance to fire spread |
|
majority of brick bldngs are made of? |
ordinary construction (Type 3) |
|
heavy timber construction (Type 4) exterior walls are made of ? |
brick and masonry with 2 hour resistant rating |
|
the floor and roofs of heavy timbers buildings are made of?
|
3x6 planks
|
|
why are the height and area of a building a concern during size up?
|
indicate a maximum potential for fire area
|
|
one way to determine depth of a structure is to?
|
look at the roof for party walls
|
|
What location(s) in buildings create special hazards? |
top floors of ordinary const, below grade, fire spread beyond reach of ladder for vent or access |
|
normally any floor with smoke on it will be?
|
at or above fire floor
|
|
libraries have a fire load of ____-to______lbs per square feet?
|
25-30Lbs
|
|
each pound of ordinary combustibles give off between _____and ________btus? |
7000 & 10, 000 BTUS |
|
each gallon of water absorbs _______btu's when heat from ___degrees to steam?
|
9275 btus
from 70 degrees to steam |
|
one gallon of water will cool ____pounds of fuel
|
5lbs of fuel
|
|
in areas with a light fire load _____gpms for each square foot is sufficient
|
10gpm per 100 square feet????
|
|
light fire loads include?
|
residential, classrooms, offices
|
|
for ordinary hazard areas like commercial occupancies a flow of ______to______ per _______is recommended?
|
20-30gpms per 100 square feet
|
|
for high fire loads____to____gpms per square feet is required
|
30-50gpms per 100 square feet
|
|
modern 1 1/2- 1 3/4 nozzles flow?
|
1 1/2 flow 125 gpm
1 3/4 flow 150-200 gpm |
|
two ways to ensure you dont have a loss due to inadequate water supply?
|
survey area in advance to determine required flows, ensure built in sprinklers
|
|
while on a fire if you find an out of service auxiliary appliance you should ?
|
call an extra alarm
|
|
ff scenarios should follow
|
?? chapt 12
|
|
the most serious issue in a multistory fire?
|
??ch 12
|
|
2nd most serious issue in a multistory fire
|
?? ch 12
|
|
most private dwelling fires require _____lines? |
2 lines 3 are rare (plan for 3) |
|
fire streams have what other uses?
|
controlled burns
protect exposures flush flamable liquids and gases absorb toxic fumes |
|
each stage of fire is characterized by the room?
|
temperature and atmospheric composition
|
|
on an incipient fire use what kind of attack and stream?
|
direct attack with strait or narrow fog stream
|
|
in a well involved room ceiling temps are > than?
|
1300 degrees
|
|
before actual fire attack begins the nozzle team must find?
|
occupant
way to the fire what is burning |
|
the safe areas where you can advance a dry hose line in an ordinary construction building?
|
entrance of fire floor
front door on ground floor apt stairwell or landing at top of stair on below grade fires |
|
the nozzle team should not start down a stairwell when? |
Never during a working fire Without a charged hose line |
|
in an advanced multi room fire the nozzle man should set up what pattern
|
a steady pattern with stream z pattern
|
|
an alternative stream that can be used in an advanced fire is?
|
clockwise rotating from the ceiling to rt wall to floor to left wall and back to ceiling
|
|
ceiling temps in a fire room can reach?
|
1200-1500 degrees
|
|
after the fire is darkened down the smoke and steam will?
|
lift a few feet off the floor
|
|
2 errors made in a combo attack?
|
nozzle man forgets to set stream pattern
leaving the stream on ceiling to long w/o dropping the angle |
|
the smoldering stage limits the amount of o2 and causes an overabundance of?
|
of heat > 1000 degrees
due to lack of o2 |
|
a rainroof adds undesigned weights to structure and creates?
|
a second hidden void area impenetrable from below
prevents ventilation |
|
if roof ventilation is not possible or will take too long you should consider?
|
indirect attack
|
|
requirements for an indirect attack
|
high heat
limited ventilation point to inject 30 degree fog pattern |
|
each gallon of water can expand to _____-______ gallons of steam?
|
1500-2000 gallons
|
|
four key requirements of indirect attack?
|
no occupants
limited ventilation high heat limited size of fire |
|
the application of water in a back draft should be timed to occur?
|
after topside ventilation
|
|
after hose streams have been operating for _______seconds chances of backdraft are?
|
small
|
|
when creating the first hole in a sealed area all personnel should be out of?
|
possible collapse and blast zone with a 2 1/2
|
|
some advantages of indirect method of attack are?
|
reduces exposure to possible back draft
extinguishes unaccessible fire uses less water less water damage |
|
disadvantages of indirect attack
|
cant use in occupied building
presence of ventilation opening will dilute effect discharge of less than critical volume can push fire ahead of steam cant view interior layout until fire is out increase water damage to area not threatened by fire |
|
three overall fire strategies/
|
initiate offensive attack
establish defensive attack take no action |
|
an offensive attack proceeds on the assumption that sufficient resources?
|
are available to perform
threat to exposures are minimal or controlled |
|
what influences the time it takes to position a hoseline?
|
number of personnel available
height and area of structure location of fire distraction of other operations |
|
if flame is holding you back you request increase in?
|
pump pressure with automatic fog nozzles or commit a second fog line
|
|
Rule of thumb when adding a second line is to?
|
back up 2nd line with a line at least as big or bigger than original line
|
|
when a effective offensive attack isnt possilble or hasnt worked within ______min you should__________?
|
with in 20 min or you should start defensive psoiitons
|
|
if a fire in a house or apt hasnt darkened down with _______min or hose line operations you should consider something is wrong?
|
10 minute
|
|
when forced into a defensive mode consider possible effects of?
|
total involvement of structure
|
|
a master stream from a platform aerial can cover how much frontage?
|
100' long and 3 stories high
|
|
flow rates of ______to______gpms are available for interior handlines
|
12-325gpm
|
|
what has a direct bearing on hoseline placement?
|
building occupancy
construction height and area location and extent of fire |
|
the method of hose stretch is determined by?
|
presence of standpipes
open stairwells usable courtyard windows |
|
two criteria that helps to determine whether a fire will be extinguished are?
|
amount of water discharged is sufficient volume to remove heat
water actually reaches seat of fire without being carried away by steam or convected currents |
|
one pound of wrapping paper fives off _____btu's?
|
7100 btus
|
|
one pound of styrene give off ________btu's?
|
18,000
|
|
water absorbs __________btus per gallon when raised?
|
9275 btu's when raised from 70 degrees to a vapor
|
|
larger size hose has what advantage over smaller lines?
|
reach of stream
and affect it has |
|
more than _____% of deaths occur is residential fires?
|
75% die in residential fires
|
|
three characteristics that play role in selection of hoeslines in residential fires?
|
need for speed
low fire load |
|
in hi rises partitions or dividing walls reduce the ?
|
extent of involement
known comparmentalization |
|
due to residential homes being more confined you need _______hose?
|
more maneuverable hose
|
|
if a residential fire is past flashover a hose of _________is required?
|
1 1/2
|
|
units faced with larger homes or with basements should use?
|
1 3/4 or 2 inch minimum
|
|
an 1 3/4 provides enough knock down to handle ?
|
4-5 rooms
|
|
Nozzle flow for?
1 1/2 1 3/4 2 |
1 1/2 flows 125gpm
1 3/4 flows 180gpm 2" flows 225gpm |
|
1 1/4 solid tip nozzle flows equivalent of ?
|
two 1 3/4 line with better reach
|
|
a 2 1/2 inch line flowing 325gpm through 1 1/4 tip can be handled by______ff?
|
2 ff can handle
3 ff to move it 4 people needed for two 1 3/4 lines |
|
rule of thumb
4 lengths or 200' 1 1/2 is maximum length if you want to flow____gpms? |
125 gpms for 1 1/2
190 gpms for 2" 6 lengths for 1 3/4 |
|
a fire requiring a 2 1/2 hose is a major operation already past?
|
flashover
|
|
when estimating amount of hose needed for commercial structure you should add?
|
length and depth of building
|
|
to avoid stretching hoseline short you should stretch enough hose to cover?
|
entire floor area
floor above equal width and depth plus one link for floor above or below |
|
a good way to ensure you have a correct amount of hose is?
|
have nozzle team arrive at fire area w/1-2 extra lengths
train all members to estimate properly |
|
after nozzleman has removed his working length he should?
|
step off 2-3 paces and paused to allow next member to remove his folds(2nd member should remove remaining amt quickly)
|
|
when using lines advanced in a stairwell you should charge it only if you have?
|
enough to secure a hose rope tool below the next coupling.
|
|
the nozzle team should carry the line in______when stretching up the stairs?
|
over the rail in the well to save effort
|
|
when using the rope to haul up a line from outside you need how many people and what items?
|
2 members with light nylon rope
|
|
what saves you from tying knots in the rope used for hauling hose lines up?
|
snaplinks or clips
|
|
hauling hoselines up the outsides of buildings has what advantages?
|
speed
requires less to be put in place ready means to stretch out hose keeps stairs clear for egress |
|
using a hauled up line on a fire escaped isnt?
|
should not be the first option you should use
using line from fire escape can push fire back into the building |
|
a key criterion when spotting teh apparatus at a scene is the/
|
scrub area. the area a platform can physically touch at a given distance from the building
|
|
it may be acceptable to use the fire escape for fire fighting when?
|
wind is pushing through from fire escape side pushing fire toward interior access to fight the fire
|
|
primary function of a ladder?
|
upper floor entry and egress
heavy streams roof entry |
|
you should only use the line of the end of a ladder for what purpose?
|
overhaul
|
|
the ultimate destination of hose should be the area where it has the?
|
greatest effect on the fire
|
|
in deciding where to position the hose line remember?
|
protect human life
confine the fire extinguish the fire |
|
the highest priority for hoseline position is?
|
between the fire and the victims
|
|
in any multi level building the main priority is?
|
position the hoselines to protect the stairwells
|
|
what does protecting the stairwells provide?
|
protection occupants from fire
confines the fire protects means for bringing up personnel and equipment |
|
when using rope stretch method the hose is brought back into the building where?
|
mid point between the fire floor window and on floor below
|
|
many fires that occur in stairways are result of?
|
arson and involve accelarants
|
|
two phrases used to define exposures?
|
most severe exposure
most severely threatend |
|
factors to consider when determining whether to commit first line to interior ops or exposure protection?
|
extent of fire
attack capabilities of unit construction of building |
|
other than direct flame contact the most severe threat to exposures is from?
|
radiant heat
travels in straight lines |
|
the ideal arrangements for spread of fire is two?
|
closely facing vertical surfaces
|
|
radian heat can ignite fire considerably ?
|
far away
|
|
in the normal position a nozzle is in?
|
fully open position?
|
|
to maintain control you can do what to the nozzle?
|
throttle down on handle as driver decreases pressure
|
|
rule of thumb : is that no nozzles should have an opening?
|
greater than 1/2 the diameter of the supply line
|
|
ball valves regulate?
|
the amount of water flowing past opening
|
|
you can make water travel faster by?
|
reducing the size of the opening
|
|
the third function of a nozzle is to?
|
give stream its shape
|
|
a peripheral fog nozzle creates a hollow center pattern that?
|
spreads water around the center baffles
|
|
what nozzles are designed to provide a compact, cohesive stream with a max reach?
|
solid stream nozzles
|
|
a fixed cone shaped spray would be used for?
|
high voltage electricity
|
|
the most versatile nozzle is?>
|
variable pattern
peripheral fog. select any stream by rotating barrel |
|
a solid stream tip is favored?
|
in overcrowded tenants with tight bends and long stretches
allows for max penetration no clouds of steam allows for 50 psi more engine pressure to be used for Floss on nozzle pressure |
|
a large bulk oil terminal should have what nozzles on preconnect?
|
peripheral fog nozzles
|
|
a propane cylinder fire should have what kind of nozzle?
|
adjustable fog
|
|
what type of nozzles would not be obvious for use as first line nozzle?
|
foam aspirating
piercing bayonet cellar nozzles |
|
to make nozzles easy to take change out they should be?
|
break apart design with male threads on discharge side of handle
|
|
two types of fog nozzles?
|
constant pressure
constant gallonage |
|
constant gallonage only remains constant as long as?
|
pressure remains the same
|
|
constant gallonage nozzles deliver a specified gallonage when np is?
|
100psi
|
|
raising pressure above or below 100 psi in a constant gallonage nozzle does what?
|
counter productive, increases reach
poor reach poor power |
|
low pressure fog nozzles deliver rated flows at?
|
50-75psi
|
|
low pressure nozzles are good for ?
|
reducing work of nozzle man
standpipe ops where 100psi isnt available |
|
the most recent improvement in nozzle design is the?
|
automatic nozzle
|
|
the constant pressure/automatic nozzle uses what to allow discharge to open?
|
a spring
|
|
as pressure increases with constant pressure nozzles flow can vary from?
|
60-350gpm
|
|
the quantity of water is gpm's does what?
|
puts the fire out not the pressure
|
|
automatic nozzles are dangerous because?>
|
they appear to have a good stream with reach by not gallonage
|
|
a fire in vertical shaft can spread quickly and pose what dangers??
|
falling objectS
|
|
cellar nozzles and distributors are considered?
|
last resort devices for applying water where entrance is impossible or impractical
|
|
cellar nozzle and distributors have been removed from active duty due to?
|
advent of scbas, power saws, high exp foam
|
|
what are difficulties in using cellar nozzles?
|
area to place nozzle may be untenable
(may need protective hoseline) structure stability of first floor |
|
cellar pipes and baker pipes apply water how
|
1-2 directions at a time so they must be constantly manned to change direction
|
|
cellar pipes and baker pipes have a reach of?
|
50' of reach or more
|
|
revolving nozzles such as the bresnan distributor has a range of?
|
15-20'
|
|
high expansion foam is replacing cellar nozzles because?
|
it can be applied from a distance
(defensive tool) |
|
when hi expansion foam is placed in a area you must?
|
provide an opening near the upper spaces to vent (opposite from foam hole)
|
|
hi expansion foam expands to ?
|
400:1 upto 1000:1
|
|
Hi expansion foam must be applied to floor below while floor above is?
|
tenable,
|
|
Hi expansion foam must be able to reach?
|
seat of fire
|
|
hi expansion foam muffles sound with in?
Light travels how far? |
3-4 feet
a few feet |
|
working in hi expansion foam?
|
??/
life saving fire containment must have scbas, pass activated, constant contact w/rope/hoseline lead member must use pike pole/hook to probe move slowly or crawl shut down electricity rit on standby use straight stream only sweep ceiling well ahead of nozzle team advance |
|
wet water was the description given to additives used to reduce?
|
surface tension
|
|
wet water was introduced in ?
|
1970
|
|
union carbide invented rapid water to improve?
|
flow of water through a hoseline
(polyox) |
|
class A foam combines the lower surface tension of the wetting agent with a?
|
bubble forming surfactant for use during forest fires
|
|
what was one of first class A foams developed?
|
high expansion
|
|
early class A foams are designed to be used with what nozzles?
|
existing nozzles and appliances
|
|
class A and B foams were designed to be discharge from what type of nozzles?
|
no aspirating nozzles
|
|
Fog nozzles cause what expansion
|
2:1-3:1 expansion
|
|
air aspiration nozzles cause what expansion?
|
7:1-10:1
|
|
hi expansion foam applies a thicker?
|
blanket, causing longer soaking times
|
|
Class A foams was used to coat?exterior with foam as what approached?
|
wildfires
helped prevent ignition |
|
commercial compressed aire foam systems injects?
|
a measured amount of foam right at pump
|
|
all CAFS require what components?
|
foam concentrate supply
injection device to proportion source of compressed air |
|
water extinguishes by cooling, CAFS use_______% of water?
|
99.5% water
|
|
all the foam is suppose to do is?
|
allow water to penetrate deeper into porous material
|
|
Situatuions with greatest benefit from foam use of applicator pipe is?
|
extreme wind driven conditions in class I high rise
Gas truck fire (shield from heat) |
|
bent pipe is useful on what fires?
|
flammable liquid fires
gas trucks |
|
Flammable liquid fires can be put out with?
|
AFFF with applicatior pipe
low velocity |
|
protein foam requires a deal of ________to work?
|
agitation
|
|
bent tip device gives an application stream of?
|
90 degrees
|
|
two way flow meters pay off?
|
kink in line show drop in flow
|
|
splitting flow between 2 lines results in friciton loss of?
between 3 lines? |
25-35 % of same flows
10-15% of same flows |
|
water supply is concerned primarily with?
|
ensuring proper volume of water is available on fire ground
|
|
hydraulics is a study of?
|
factors that influence how water gets to fireground
|
|
water can not be compressed by?
|
applying pressure
|
|
one cubic foot of water weighs?
|
62.5 lbs
7.5 gallons |
|
fluid pressure is perpendicular to?
|
the surface in which it acts
|
|
pressure in a confined body at rest is the same?
|
at all points
|
|
pressure of a fluid in an open container is proportional to?
|
to its depth
|
|
pressure of water in a container is independent of?
|
its shape and volume
|
|
for every foot water rises it exerts what pressure?
|
.434 psi
|
|
water exerts .434 psi for every foot it rises. this is called?
|
head pressure
|
|
water pressure increases 1 psi for every ?
|
2.3' of depth
|
|
pressure of a fluid is proportional to?
|
its density
|
|
the maximum height water can be siphoned or drafted is?
|
33.9
|
|
Air is a fluid that has?
|
weight
|
|
pressure on a confined fluid is transmitted?
|
equally through out
|
|
resistance to fire flow can be due to?
|
friciton loss
head pressure kinks |
|
Friction loss is mainly due to?
|
turbulence within the stream
(inside of hose) |
|
laminar flow is?
|
low flows without turbulence
all water molecules moves smoothly |
|
doubling the length of a hose does what to friction loss?
|
doubles it
|
|
the larger the diameter of hose the friction loss?
|
the less
|
|
static pressure is of what use for ff?
|
little use
|
|
static pressure is not an indicatior of ?
|
volume of water available at a hydrant
|
|
when residual pressure drops below 10 psi you can do what?
|
reduce discharge
increase supply |
|
low residual pressures are common with?
|
when inline pumper is used with 2.5-3" hose as supply
|
|
in line pumping from a hydrant to a fire has what advatage?
|
in line attack can begin with preconnect/master streams upon arrival to building
|
|
class A pumpers deliver?
100% at____psi 70% at_____psi 50% at ______psi |
150psi
200psi 250psi |
|
impellars can do two things?
|
give a little bit of water but with strong push
or give alot of water with smaller push |
|
gas trucks were limited to _____gallons in 1950? and are now?
|
3000gallons
1450gallon |
|
fire loads located in building with large amounts of plastics is?
|
double that of same building with oridinary combustible
|
|
three sizes of LDH?
|
4"
5" 6" |
|
FL in as single 4" is almost the sames as FL in?
|
two 3" lines
|
|
pumpers of 1250-1500 gpm are best supplied with?
|
5" supply hose or dual 4" lines
|
|
advantage of LDH?
|
rapid deployment
faster return to service |
|
hosel as big as 5" may be for flows upto?
|
1500gpm
fl= 1 5 psi per 100' |
|
to take advantage of low friction loss and low maximum discharge pressures you use ldh for?
|
in line supply
|
|
to properly use an aerial device you must hit?
|
fuel not the flame(seat of fire)
|
|
aerials are brought into fires due to ?
|
extension into cocklofts
|
|
the most maneuverable fire master stream is?
|
at end of tower ladder basket
|
|
telescopic boom flows?
|
1000gpm
|
|
ladder pipes flow?
|
600gpms
|
|
definite advantage of platforms is?
|
range of motion stream
|
|
ladder pipes are restricted to a narrow range of?
|
lateral movement away from centerline
|
|
when supplying water thiefs/maifolds it is best to?
|
supply one type of device with similar characteristics
|
|
L
O V E R S U |
Laddering
Overhaul Ventilation Entry Rescue Utilities |
|
Having a plan does what?
|
formalizes thinking
assign a degree of prioity |
|
an operational plan is quite general but should provide for?
|
number of people comitted to each area
tools to be provided scope of duties |
|
when assigning personnel to an area you should always use what system?
|
buddy system
|
|
when assigning a memeber to operate alone you should consider?
|
using experienced memeber with radio
|
|
locating the fire is often considered a______duty?
|
truck
|
|
an interior ladder team must have what tools?
|
force entry
iron, flat head axe, hook portable radio flashlight (including personal) |
|
roofman performs what duties?
|
ventilation
entering searching (2nd floor bedrooms from the exterior) |
|
regardless the time of day a high priority is place on searching?
|
bedrooms and means of egress
|
|
Chaufuer carries what tools?
|
chaufuer has Axe
partner has hook and halligan |
|
roofman has what tools?
|
hook for venting
Haligan for prying |
|
establish duties and assignments based upon?
|
priorities
|
|
assign the duties to the what position?
|
riding position?
|
|
what factors affect selection and placement of a ladder?
|
reach, weight, nested stored length material constructed
|
|
an added benefit of selecting an extension ladder is?
|
inexperienced member will select a ladder that will do the job
|
|
best position of a ladder when ventilating?
|
even with top of window frame
up wind |
|
FF with a a pak on is __wide?
|
20"
|
|
ladders are normally _____wide?
|
16" wide
|
|
the only visisble evidence of loss of strength in an aluminum ladder may be?
|
bluing
|
|
Nfpa 1932 requires what kind of label on a ladder?
|
a heat indicating lable on each section of new aluminum and fiberglass ladders that change colors at 300 degrees
|
|
since 1984 ladder widths increased ?
|
6" were 12" wide??
|
|
use proper length /type of ladder and dont improvise unless
|
trying to save a life`
|
|
when using a ladder one person should keep the tip of ladder?
|
under constant surveillance
|
|
always retract an extension ladder before?
|
moving it
|
|
dont position ladder in front of?
|
egress/ingress areas
areas needing ventialtion |
|
always have one hand where when climibing a ladder?
when climbing with a tool you should? |
one on ladder
can use hand on ladder behind the beam with wrist cocked |
|
to secure yourself to a ladder you should use?
|
ladder locks or belts
|
|
if leaving a ladder unattended it should be secured?
|
at the TIP
especially light weight ladders |
|
aerial devives add to a units capabilities by?
|
z????
not replacements for portable ladders |
|
a tower ladder is a platform?
|
attached to a boom with waterway and sideless escape ladder
|
|
a ladder tower is a platform?
|
platform attached to end of aerial ladde with waterway
|
|
ladder towers have a ________capacity than tower ladders?
|
lower platform capacity
|
|
ladder tower have restiction of master streams at?
|
lower angles
|
|
a tower ladder has what kind of restriction for master streams?
|
unrestricted master stream use at any angle/extension
|
|
tower ladder platform capacity upto?
|
1000#
|
|
aerial ladders and telescopic platform require a clear line of sight from?
|
turn table to object
|
|
aerial ladders should be extended __rungs over the room line?
|
5 rungs
makes it easier to find and mount and dismount |
|
articulating platform must be able to reach over obstrucitons keeping__' away form wires
|
10'
|
|
the ladder should remain_______to______ from building square?
|
1-2" out
|
|
it the aerial ladded is not square to the building the ladder will?
|
twist giving it a torsional load
|
|
A bldng with a parapet wall of 3-6' should have the platform basket placed?
if great than 6' you should? |
TOP RAIL just slightly above the top of parapet wall
easier to climb in and out use attic ladder or relocate platform |
|
the best position to place the platform to rescue someone from a window is?
|
close to building as possilbe w/basket in line with the window
|
|
place the basket from the platform where at a window?
|
the front corner of basket at window
|
|
dont use baskeet gates unless?
|
top rail is level with window sill
|
|
the tip of an aerial ladder is ______wide?
|
20-24' wide
|
|
an aerial can be used to ventilate from the turntable by?
|
putting the tip through the top pane and lower ladder
dont over extend or attack steel framed or casement windows never rotate in a window |
|
generally the greater working height of the ladder the more?
|
area it can cover
|
|
when placing a ladder for operating on the lower 3 floors you should be aware of?
|
verticle profile and how it affects movement of aerial device
|
|
when positioning midship mount devices the best scrub area is?
angle the cab how? |
just off and parallel to the objective
anglesd 15-20 degrees away |
|
best scrub area for rear mounted units?
|
back in (not practical)
spot to maximize benefit of device |
|
in absence of any special requirements position aerial apparatus?
|
turntable 15' just past corner of building
|
|
overhaul in a broad sense may be considered any action taken to?
|
expose hidden fire and ensure extinguishment
|
|
nearly all of the openings made should be justifiable to?
|
occupant
|
|
what kind of fire would require emphasis on examing interior portions fo a structure?
|
brick with wood joist
|
|
post control overhaul is a_________examination?
|
more detailed
|
|
openings made in post control overhaul are more?
|
thorough paying attention to reducing unecessary damage
|
|
openings made during post control overhaul must be justifiable to?
|
owner, ff
|
|
Class A combustibles that show white or gray ashes?
|
on the surface area
turn black when hit with water |
|
what must ff use to dertermine the right size opening when overhauling?
|
sight
hearing touch smell common sense |
|
if a ff makes a mistake it should be done on the side of?
|
safety
|
|
3 statements of caution when transporting matresses outdoors?
|
becareful, full we, roll to lessen air exp
wear scba never use elevator dont throw smoldering debris out the window in areas inacessible |
|
when seeking hidden fire in a room just knocked down by the hose streams, the first openings made should be?
|
made near man made openings around pipes, lights, switch plates
|
|
if fire is found in chases, lights, switch plates etc... you should?
|
open adjoining bays must be examined between joist
|
|
when pulling ceiling safe practices involve?
|
wearing full scba
keep egress in mind |
|
shutting down sprinkler system and other utilities are usually done by?
|
ladder companies
|
|
proper procedure is to have________people to shut down utilities?
|
2 people with force enty
dont rely on line gloves, sleeves, mats |
|
a working fire on top floor of any large area flat roof requires what resources?
|
4 men
2 power saw 2 6-8' hooks haligan axe portable radio experienced officer |
|
immediately upon arrival to roof memebers should?
|
vent any verticle shaft
lean over and vent top floor windows |
|
you can cut the roof after?
|
initially ventilating verticle shaft top floor windows
|
|
texts advocate the proper size hole for roof ventilation?
|
8x8
|
|
the first step in making any vetnialtion opening is to locate ?
|
the fire, vent directly over if possible
|
|
locating the seat of fire is often determined by?
|
observing conditions
|
|
fire venting out of windows is a good indicator of?
|
seat of fire
smoke is not as reliable |
|
other ways to locate seat of fire?
|
communicate with interior crew
feel soil pipes look at roof for bubble/heat examinatio holes |
|
2 types of examination holes made with saws are?
|
Kerf cuts
triangular opening |
|
the easiest repair/cut to make on a roof is?
|
kerf cutt
|
|
kerf cutts arent a good cut to determine?
|
location of fire
you cant see side to side |
|
before making a cut you must consider?
|
means of escape
especially on smaller roofs |
|
never cut a hole that interferes with?
|
egress
|
|
locate roof cut so if fire vents it doesnt?
|
endanger exposures
|
|
the roof hole should be cut ino pieces ______x______?
|
4x4 maximum
|
|
if 2 saws are available it is best to______--before pulling?
|
complete all cuts due to possible change in wind direction
|
|
2 reasons to extend original hole is?
|
you know you are in the right locale
takes less cutting |
|
joists act as draft?
|
curtains???
|
|
rain roofs are encounted on type roofs?>
|
curved
peaked standard or truss |
|
both flat an pitched roofs may be constructed with what 2 classes of supports?
|
standard or
lightweight |
|
using standard wood beams the maximum length that can be spanned is?
|
25' w/o supports
used in gyms |
|
lightweight construction makes the best use of?
|
truss design
|
|
a second problem trusses are?
|
connectors conduct heat
gusset plates metal pins through bolts |
|
bowstring trusses use ____x____ web and chords
|
2x10
20' apart |
|
open web truss's creat large void spaces called?
|
truss lofts
|
|
plywood I beams are constructed with?
|
1 1/2x2" plywood
3/8 web |
|
many of the new roof systems fail in less than ___minutes?
|
10min
|
|
as a guide on a lightweight roof try to determine whether fire has?
|
penetrated void
|
|
if fire has reached the voids ffing should be done?
|
by using reach of the streams
|
|
opening up sidewalls is effective means of ffighting by directing a stream into truss loft with?
|
tower ladders
|
|
roof deck sheets dimensions?
held togther by |
1/8" thick
6' wide 20' long Tack welded in place over 3" ruberr or felt |
|
using large hose streams with metal roofs sweeping ahead of fires will do what?
|
cooling the steel returning it to original strength
|
|
cutting a isulpan roof should only be done from?
|
from basket of eplatform
|
|
the most logical place to stop a fire in a cockloft or multiwing bldng is?
|
the throat
|
|
a trench cut is used as a_____-tactic?
|
defensive tactic
trench cut-strip ventilation |
|
to be efficient with the trench cut the ff must remove?
|
the ceiling below to open trench
|
|
a major problem w/trench cut is?
|
used improperly
sometimes cut before primary vent hole is cut |
|
cutting a trench cut is divided into ___steps?
|
locating trench
cutting inspection holes cutting trench pulling trench |
|
cutting the trench should not be done until?
except? |
main vent hole is cut
4 or more saws are immediately available |
|
What should be considered when choosing a location for a trench cut?
|
must be far enough away to give time to complete the cut
20-25 from main???? |
|
locate the vent hole by taking advantage of?
|
building construction to reduce cutting as much as possible
cutting at narrowest point |
|
the final consideration is deciding where to put a trench cut?
|
likely spread of fire
|
|
most likely spread of fire is on a pitched roof?
|
downwind side of pitched roof
|
|
when making examination holes they should be located?
|
on the fire side 5-6' from edge of trench
|
|
if no fire is seen in exam hole you can make what cuts?
|
cut trench parralled 3' apart (no narrower) from outwall to outerwall
|
|
_____hoselines shold be placed where during a trench cut?
|
1 or more postioned directly below the trench
committed early seperate from attack |
|
you must wait to pull trench cut roof until fire shows?
|
fire shows at examination holes
|
|
once interior forces on fire side of treanch are withdrawn its ok to?
|
to use hoselines from the roof or below to drive away fire
|
|
candidates for trench cuts are?
|
H type and Garden type bldngs
|
|
the key to initial protective action is?
|
awareness to fellow ff especially
|
|
if a saw has to be gunned to keep running you should?
|
clear out area
|
|
critical items the roof team must report to IC
|
visible life safety hazard
size and shape of building construciton condition fire showing through roof weights resting on roof location of parapet walls shaft and setbacks |
|
what helps determine how you enter a structure?
|
need for speed
type of door and lock (deciding factor) manpower and tools available degree of possible damage |
|
the last factor and one that should be of last concern on forceable entry is?
|
personnel and resources
|
|
4 basic rules for force entry?
|
try before you pry
dont ignore the obvious if possible force door that people will exit from maintain door integrity |
|
by forcing a door the occupants regularly use you may find?
|
they are less secured than others
leave door intact to protect o2 |
|
forcible entry size up begins?
|
with the alarm information
|
|
when going into a fire resisitive building you should bring what size sledge?
|
8-10#
|
|
before grabbing the door knob to enter a structure make sure?
|
everyone is ready to proceed
off to one side crouching or kneeling |
|
key cylinders are located where?
|
1-3" from edge of the door
|
|
the more experienced ff should use what tool for force entry?
|
halligan
|
|
to brach an inward opening door place fork end?
|
6" above or below the lock
|
|
if a door has 2 locking devices place hallagan where?
|
midway between the two locks
|
|
when forcing a door , initially place tool parallel to the door at what angle?
|
15-20 degree angle from doors
|
|
remmeber to use what end to exert more force?
|
the far end of tool
|
|
attacking the hinge side of a door should only be used ?
|
as a last resort
Violates rule (4) maintaing door integrity |
|
you can use the pointed end of a halligan when?
|
when you lack a driving tool
|
|
if you must break the hinges start with?
|
top hinge
|
|
throught the lock entry is indicated when ?
|
light fire conditons
specific doors specific locks |
|
the easiest lock to conquer is?
|
rim lock like car trunk
|
|
ff's have more difficulty with __locks?
|
mortise locks due to unfamiliarity
|
|
the reason you would go through a mortise lock, police lock, fox lock, pivoting deadbolts?
|
minor emergencies, minor fire like food on stove
|
|
most store are using ____doors equipped with what locks?
|
narrow stile doors with dead bolts 1 1/4 long or longer
|
|
when lookin in the cylinder of narrow stile door look for ?
|
light bulb shape and depress spring loaded cam located at its base
|
|
the fox lock requires you to go through the lock which looks like?
|
steel plate in center of door shielding the cylinder
|
|
fox locks have 2 3/4 inch steel bars extending ___into jamb?
|
2"
|
|
through the lock method takes _______or ________min to open versus?
|
3-4 min through the lock or
8-10 min to force |
|
when fox lock cylinder is exposed you can remove it with?
|
lock puller
sunilla tool adze or claw |
|
example when through the lock method is unacceptable?
|
poor visibility
|
|
most effective solution to force entry in poor visibility?
|
HFT hydraulic devices
|
|
Hydraulic force entry tools weigh?
|
25#
new ones 10# |
|
advatages of HFT tools?
|
speed
8000psi works in low visibility |
|
you shouldnt use hft when?
|
when damage is a concern and speed isnt
|
|
the most difficult force entry challenge is?
|
multi locks
|
|
the multi lock comes together in what package?
|
the door
lock (mortise type) jamb |
|
multi lock is installed in what material>
|
masonry
|
|
the multi lock has ___"diameter projecting __"into jamb?
|
1/2 diameter projecting into jamb
|
|
what choices do you have for forcing a multi lock?
|
find key
find another way in destroy 1500.00 door |
|
the fastest way into a multilock door?
|
cut traingle shape hole in lower half of door
|
|
gates are classified into what 3 types?
|
manual
electrical] mechanical |
|
the most common gate doors are?
|
mechcanical
manual |
|
the key to forcing a roll up gate is?
|
knowing padlocks types and methods of removal
|
|
padlocks fall into what 2 categories?
|
low 1/4 bow
high security 3/8 case hardend bow |
|
to cut case hardend locks yo need what size cutters?
|
36"
|
|
case hardend locks have poor?
|
shear strength when pulled in opposite direction
|
|
a commecial tool used to open locks is called?
|
duck bill lock breaker
or use 36" pipe wrench and 3 ' cheater bar |
|
fastest means for force entry multiple locks?
|
power tools- circular saw with carbided blades
torch |
|
when using the saw to cut bows on a lock you should?
|
cut both
|
|
an americak 2000 gate lock is forcible with?
|
36" pipe wrench and cheater bar
|
|
when cutting american 2000 whre on lock?
|
2/3 of height away from keyway
|
|
2 saws ready to go are needed on scene for?
|
force entry
ventilation |
|
first disadvantage in cutting a gate door is?
|
12-15 cutts take longer than cutting locks
|
|
2 conditons warranting cutting the door?
|
heavy fire that needs water asap
door can be opened (damage or electric |
|
when making an inverted U cut start where on gate door?
|
at highest point you can safely operate the saw
|
|
one drawback to inverted U or teepee cuts?
|
small wind tabs at the end of slats that interlock with steel guide rails
|
|
the 3 cut method for gate doors works well and is prefered when you intend?
|
intend to enter
|
|
the first cut of th 3 cut method on a gate door is located?
|
close to edge as possible from maximum height to minimum
|
|
make cut on gate door ___" to____ of edge due to?
|
body of saw???????
|
|
on a wide gate door to keep slats from binding make the cuts?
|
2' high every 5-6'
|
|
all cuts made on a gate door should be through?
|
the same slat
|
|
what factors affect the need for ventilation?
|
reduced staffing
enegy conservation increase propert conservation improved fans heavy fuel loads |
|
ventilaion is defined as?
|
removing products of combustion and replacing them with fresh air
|
|
when distinguishing between vent for life or vent for fire the key factor is?
|
timing of the ventilation
|
|
venting should be done so it draws fire from?
|
life hazard
|
|
immediate verticle ventilation should be a primary tactic at?
|
no fire proof multiple dwellings
|
|
venting of windows is called?
|
horizontal ventilation used to vent fire and saving life
|
|
horizontal venting for a life safety hazard must be coordinated with?
|
immediate rescue effort
|
|
venting to early will allow?
to late? |
fire to extend
subject ff to heat |
|
ventilation should take place when hoselines?
|
begin attack
|
|
venting is best coordinated with?
|
radio
|
|
when encountering energy efficient windows you should vent?
|
as soon as possible while attack team is in safe area
|
|
factors that influence choice of verticle horizontal venting?
|
size of fire
location construction of building effects of wind |
|
vertical ventilation often determines whether a fire is?
|
stopped or continues to expand
|
|
mechanial ventilation can involve?
|
hoselines
portable fans building vent system |
|
venting with a fog stream reliles on the fact spray of water entraps?
|
air with it
|
|
factors that affect how much air and smoke is moved with a fog nozzle are?
|
volume of water flowing
velocity of water stream 30 degree fog |
|
optimum fog pattern used for ventilation is?
|
30 degrees- 35
6-8 feet from window |
|
adjust the fog pattern when ventilating to just cover?
|
opening using venturi effect
|
|
fanning a smoldering fire back into flame is a problem with what types of ventilation?
|
mechanical
|
|
dis advanatage of mechanical ventilation using a hoseline?
|
cant be used at minor fires
cant use up water supply cant be used in freezing temps |
|
smoke ejectors , fans suffer no drawbacks of hoseline ventilation except?
|
it may force a draft over smoldering embers
|
|
disavantages of smoke ejecting exhaust fans is?
|
power supply
man power storage space explosive atmosphere |
|
negative pressure fans that sucked out air prove to be ineffective due to?
|
fans dont fit openings
blocked intake screens hanging in doorways |
|
fans designed to be explosive proof may not be after?
|
5 years
|
|
positive pressure fans are setup with air stream?
|
8-12' away from door
fully covering door |
|
a fan blowing in can move___-the volume of smoke a negative pressure fan moves?
|
twice the volume especially if churning occurs
|
|
in setting up fans you should take into acct for?
|
wind
|
|
positive pressure fans work best in __Fires?
|
minor to moderate not advanced fires that have self vented.
|
|
prime candidates for PPV are?
|
matress, chairs, fire extinguished by sprinkler systems
|
|
When using ppv fans ff's should not enter the building ?
|
anywhere fan isnt working
|
|
a basic tenant for interior ff is a search for a life hazard is to?
|
vent as you move provided the fire wont be extended by venting
|
|
any decsion to use ppv should be made only after considering what factors?
|
life hazard
extent of fire availability of hose lines degree of confinement environmental factor (dust,sand) available equipment and power supply |
|
the mushroom effect is when gas?
|
is heated and expands horizontally
|
|
the answer to fire in voids is?
|
total ventilation
|
|
flat roofs are often found?
|
in larger buildings such as stores, factories, schools, aprtments
|
|
flat roofs are much stronger than?
|
pitched roofs
|
|
2 types of older style flat roofs?
|
standard flat roofs
inverted flat roof |
|
standard flat roof has main joist where?
|
at roof level
roof boards nailed directly to joist |
|
inverted roof has roof boards?
|
nailed to framework of 2x4 raised several feet above main joist
|
|
older flat roofs joist and board dimensions?
|
2x10 beams or
3x12 16" spacing 20' limited to span |
|
nailed to roof beams is the decking of a flat roof usually___to____ tongue and groove?
|
1x6 with tar paper on top 3-4" thick
|
|
gravel is put on flat roofs to be used as?
|
retardents
|
|
life span of a flat roof is?
|
20-30 years
|
|
before roof joist subcomb to fire the _____will burn first?
|
1x6 roof board
catastrophic failure not a concern |
|
a fire in a cockloft or occupied floor may be ventilated by?
|
cutting a hole directly over the fire and pushing down ceiling
no other way to vent this area |
|
to be efficient all searches must be?
|
planned events
|
|
each member that performs search functions must?
|
know what to look for
where to look how to look |
|
primary search is a quick once over of?
|
entire accesible area where you could likely find victims
|
|
the first action taken on entry into a fire building is?
|
primary search
routine event |
|
when manpower is limited primary search could be performed by?
|
the nozzleman
|
|
if nozzleman were to find a victim he should?
|
make a rescue attempt
|
|
members assigned to sar should be experiened at?
|
being able to extricating themelves in a dangerous situation
|
|
each search team member should have?
|
force entry tools
radio light on a sling |
|
allo members performing interior ops should be taught what maneuvers with scba?
|
reduced profile
quick release |
|
avg front to back profile of a ff is ______"
|
18-20"
studs are usually 16" on center |
|
when making a primary search it is best to check where first?
|
as close to the fire as it is safe
|
|
all those directly over the fire floor ar threatend by?
|
gases on fire floor and fire
|
|
emphasis on searching is put on?
|
searching routes people normally use
|
|
pay special attention to where when searching?
|
below windows
behind doors |
|
the best way to conduct a search is with what program?
|
V ent Program
E nter S earch |
|
a better way to prevent duplicat searches is?
|
use latch straps
indicates search and keeps door from locking behind you |
|
not moving furiniture during a search can help?
|
You remember you way out
|
|
ventilate as you conduct?
|
searches
|
|
what areas should a secondary search include?
|
perimeter of building
roof tops set backs areas beneath windows |
|
a excellent policy is to have___people conduct primary and secondary searches
|
different
|
|
even routine fires should require searches of?
|
all areas above and accessible areas below
|
|
areas_________or more below the fire doesnt warrant?
|
2 floors doesnt warranty force entry
except below grade areas |
|
rule of thumb for a search team is?
|
2 men for a moderate sized area of each apt or dwelling
|
|
in heavy smoke conditions you should use____--when searching?
|
Tag line
|
|
when using a tag line for searching you need a plan that is?
|
understood by all people
|
|
what size rope is the tag line usually?
|
1/4-3/8 nylon
200-300' |
|
positon a large light in the entry way to use as ?
|
a beacon
|
|
the rope used in a search should be carried by who?
|
one person designated by the officer and should be taught
|
|
when using a rope to search memebers dont have to be in touch with rope if?
|
they are intouch with member who has the rope
|
|
when used as a tether all members are?
|
required to maintain contact with rope or personal rope attached to it
|
|
search teams should be made up of minimum of?
|
6 prefer 7 members
|
|
when using search team on a rope one member is the?
|
control man remaining at area rope is secured
|
|
control man must have?
|
portable radio as well as all team members
|
|
search teams should be on what radio channels?
|
on seperate channel from ops
|
|
TED emitts a series of high decibles chirps every?
|
4 times every 2 seconds followed by 10 sec silence
|
|
control mans job is to monitor?
|
how many people enter search area
|
|
by assigning 20 minute submergence (maximum) for a 30 min bottle the control man can?
|
indicate a 10min interval or halfway point for members to return
|
|
one hour bottles provide how much work time?
|
20 min work
20 min return |
|
search teams consist of a leader and minimum of?
|
2 members
max 4 always even??????????? |
|
the team leader should be secured to?
|
main rope and pay out as he goes
|
|
another large search light should be taken if for?
|
to light up area and be a beacon for returning crews
|
|
each additonal searcher must be attached to main guide rope with?
|
25'50' section of rope attached with snap hooks just behind leader
|
|
if the search starts at entrance the 2 searchers remain on what sides?
|
opposite sides of guide ropes
|
|
what equipment should search team carry with them?
|
spare scba
stokes hardware lifesaving rope |
|
you should always secure rope to ?
|
substantial object when making a change of direction
|
|
when deploying search rope you should?
|
attach it to outside of the structure or inside the stairwell on upper floors regardless of conditions
|
|
to use FAR other radios need to be?
|
off or on another channel
|
|
to use FAR you take 2 radios making feedback with mics?
|
1-2" apart away from scene
|
|
when using FAR dont use?
|
moblile or base station radios due to their long range
|
|
2 portable radios can produce feedback for upto mile?
|
half mile
|
|
drawbacks to FAR and pager assisted rescue?
|
manual operation
requires recognizing someone is missing time consuming |
|
pass device alert with pre alarms when someone lays motionless for?
full alarm is ___to____later? |
30 sec
5-10 sec full alarm |
|
solid tip nozzles operate as low as ____psi?
|
40psi
|
|
hi rise companies prefer a 18" pipe wrench because?
|
it is the smallest wrench with a large enough jaw to fit around a 2.5" coupling
|
|
minimum items needed for hi rise fire on the fire floor?
|
as a minimum
flat head axe halligan tool k tool |
|
the discharge valve on a standpipe should be inspected by?
|
looking in it
and or opening it |
|
by nature an operational plan should provide for what specifics?
|
the number of people to be committed initially to each area
tools to be provided scope of duties |
|
the areas of highest life hazard regardless the time of day?
|
areas of egress
bedrooms regardless time of day |
|
the height a ladder will reach above grade?
|
working length
|
|
you should always tie of the base of a ladder or tip when>
|
tie tip off when leaving ladder unattended
|
|
immediate vertical ventilation should be a primary tactic?
|
at most low rise non fire proof dwellings
|
|
venting for fire is normally delayed until?
|
resources are in place to attack
|
|
horizontal ventilation for a life hazard much be coupled with?
|
immediate rescue effort
|
|
fire venting through an opening in a roof is a good sign because?
|
it means the fire spread under the roof is being slowed?
|
|
a fog stream ventilation is improved with increased?
|
velocity and volume of water
|
|
the second most common vertical avenue is?
|
pipe chase
|
|
pipe chases are commonly found behind walls in?
|
kitchens and bathrooms
|
|
which style flat roofs are relatively safe to work on even with heavy fire?
|
older flat roof
|
|
when looking to ventilate, the seat of the fire is determined by?
|
observing conditions while making your way to the roof or once they have arrived there
|
|
a kerf cut is how wide?
|
the width of the blade
|
|
a triangular roof cut is how big
|
8-10"
|
|
members can begin opening the roof cuts after?
|
the 8x8 outline is cut unless you only have one saw
55' of linear cuttong |
|
additional roof cuts should be done how?
|
extend existing cuts by cutting additional bays rather than extending channels
|
|
pre plans for townhomes should be for what issues?
|
access and water supply
|
|
in the event of a cock loft fires in townhomes/garden apts ff's should not be committed to ?
|
the roof
|
|
a true firewall will be made of?
|
brick and extend 3' above the roof line
|
|
a generic description for all one and two story multi tenant commercial buildings ?
|
taxpayers
|
|
steel roofs are what kind of metals?
|
thermo plastic
|
|
a key to success for a building with a metal roof is?
|
a coordinated attack involving ventilation and hose streams
|
|
a 2.5 in line offer how much reach?
|
75-80'
|
|
the tactics in old style taxpayers can not be used?
|
in new style
|
|
the only suitable tactic for newer lightweight style tax payers is?
|
complete evacuation and use of a master stream from outside on ground level
|
|
what factors require eng companies to use different tactics than they do for house fires?
|
larger areas and heavier fire loads
|
|
there is little need for speed in commercial fires because?
|
the is rarely a civilian life hazard in a store
|
|
one of the most beneficial places to spot the pumper on a store fire?
|
is inline with and across the street from the fire store
permits master stream or deck gun use |
|
a good 2.5 inch handline delivers between______and______gpm's and has a reach of?
|
250-325 gpm
80' reach |
|
the ventilation holes cut in a store basement fire should be near?
|
near the show windows usually opposite of stairs
|
|
a ppv fan can help do what in a basement fire?
|
aid the advance of hoseline
|
|
in identifying masonry floors the single most important action to take is to id?
|
mason floors supported by wood joist
|
|
the discovery of masonry floors above the fire should be relayed to?
|
IC
|
|
if size up of building indicates a structure is fire resistant and is more than 75' then the masonry floor is more likely to be?
|
reinforced
|
|
when inside a taxpayer you should bring in what size hooks to pull ceiling the length of the store and 3' wide?
|
10'
|
|
if a 2" tip with more than 100 psi cant open the ceiling then?
|
hooks wont either
|
|
if you dont see improvement in a taxpayer fire fairly soon after streams are flowing suspect?
|
streams are hitting main body of fire
flammable liquids |
|
dont put the tower ladder, ladder pipe, or other stream onto a fire burning above the roof line of a taxpayer because?
|
that fire is over(protect exposures)
|
|
check the ceiling in a cockloft fire when?
|
when you enter the door and as you go, listen for hollow sound of ceiling compared to solid sound of roof
|
|
in search a ceiling area for fire if a TIC is not available you must rely on?
|
pike pole
examine head after poking |
|
taxpayer fires require you to skip several stores and surrender them inorder to get ahead enough to complete?
|
pulling ceilings and have 2 or more medium size handlines per store ready
|
|
taxpayers may require how many personnel?
|
6 or more to pull ceilings
6 to man hose lines in addition to perform ventilation and attack fire |
|
a nozzle tip on a tower flowing 800gpm would have what size tip?
|
1 3/4 at 80 psi
1 1/2 tip at 140 psi has farther reach |
|
opening soffit with pike poles is difficult. It is better to?
|
open fascia with metal cutting saws
|
|
entry into a taxpayer with fire in a cockloft should be done after?
|
cooling the steel I beams
|
|
hi rises typically serve as?
|
hospitals
hotels apartments offices |
|
strategies used in hi rises?
|
determine specific fire floor
verify location begin evauation search fire floor and all floor above gain control of building systems confine and extinguish |
|
in a class one building those in immediate danger are?
|
those on fire floor and above
|
|
search what areas of a hi rise?
|
bathrooms
elevators stairways small offices with closed doors |
|
hvac systems in a hi rise should be in what mode?
|
non recirculation
|
|
what communication systems are more reliable in hi rise fires?
|
standpipe telephones and warden stations
|
|
class one building of today should be re classified how?
|
class 1 heavy weight
class 1 medium weight class 1 light weight |
|
old hi rise buildings have windows that can be opened?
|
for horizontal ventilation
|
|
what key items about the hi rise do you need to know to determine your strategy?
|
what type of contstruction
any trusses in fire area type of fire proofing applied to steel? |
|
the greatest threat to life in a hi rise is ?
|
being unable to perform rapid ventilation
|
|
if a building doesnt have a smoke detector system in the hvac the ic must have immediate access to?
|
building engineer or maintenance chief
|
|
using an hvac system to evacuate smoke should only be done?
|
after serious pre fire planning between fire officers, building engineers, qualified smoke control design specialist
|
|
A reverse stack effect on a fire will require you to wear scba's?
|
from moment you enter the building
|
|
fire lines on a hi rise fire should be set up?
|
at least one block away
|
|
when ventilating through a window in a hi rise make a small hole and?
|
pull rest of glass into building
can use pressure sensitive tape contact paper |
|
each team that enters an elevator should have what recorded by a ff at the lobby designated "lobby Control"?
|
car number
unit destination |
|
when entering an elevator face pieces should be?
|
in place and readily available
|
|
immediately upon entering any elevator car you should hit?
|
call cancel
|
|
freight or service elevators dont make goo fireman elevators because?
|
they serve every floor in the building
|
|
when riding up the elevator stop the car every ___floors?
|
every 5 floors
to ensure floors verify elevator is responding allow you to shine light up shaft |
|
dont stand in elevator car doorway to hold door open, instead?
|
stay in car or put hose across door
|
|
once you are sure you are at the right location you should return the elevator?
|
to the lobby for refinforcements
|
|
some fire dept service installations require the car be sent back with a member in it otherwise?
|
the car will be unusable by other units
|
|
on hi rise fires how many personnel are needed on the fire floor?
|
two ladder companies on fire floor
one truck company on floor above |
|
nfpa 14 state fire pumps are only required to discharge their capacity at ?
|
65psi at the highest hose outlet and limits pressure to 125 psi?
|
|
The preferred method to anchoring a master stream is to use?
|
two steel halligan hooks to span a door opening
|
|
grouping all non-rentable spaces like stairs, elevators, lobbies, electrical shafts in a central core is called?
|
core construction
>30k square feet |
|
areas in excess of _____-square feet of a moderately fuel loaded area diminish the possibility of?
|
success through a direct attack
may have to get above it |
|
in core designed buildings it is possible for fire to be driven?
|
around and back on itself
|
|
scissors stairs are often found in what kind of construction?
|
core construction
|
|
chief murphy states whos actions determines the outcomes on a hi rise fires?
|
the first alarm companies, particularly the company officers
|
|
the fire command desk at a hi rise fire provides what information?
|
floor plans
status of hvac systems fire alarm and ext systems elevator return panels public address systems 2 way radio systems standpipe telephones |
|
The ic on a hi rise fire should be assisted by who?
|
senior building engineer
ff or officer to act as coordinator called "systems unit" |
|
one of the major functions of the operations officer on a hi rise is to push what/
|
the advance of the attack teams
|
|
the operations post is assigned what members?
|
two one a chief and an aide to handle communications
|
|
that sae team should verify and record what information?
|
the results of searches made on each floors
|
|
the first activity in a building under construction fire is?
|
clear all personnel from streets below on opposite side of nozzle
|
|
fires in buildings under construction should be attacked where?
|
on the upper floors first
|
|
buildings higher than the reach of an aerial ladder usually provide?
|
hoists similar to elevators
|
|
a people hoist will have a control position where?
|
in the car and operator will ride up with you.
|
|
the equipment hoist wont have a control position where?
|
in the car
|
|
an equipment hoist isnt to be ridden due to ?
|
lack of safety features and operated remotely
|
|
while standpipes must progress within 2 floors of completed construction codes dont specify?
|
that they must be wet
|
|
the plywood form used to mold concrete is often sprayed with what to keep concrete from sticking?
|
combustible coating
|
|
fire can cause 100# chunks of concrete to come loose by?
|
spauling
|
|
spalling concrete occurs from ?
|
direct flame
|
|
a vacant building with a square box indicates normal operations can take place but how?
|
at a slower pace
|
|
if a building with one line drawn in the box has a small fire interior ops can be done?
|
only after conducting a careful examination
|
|
to enter a building with an X on the outside permission must be obtained by?
|
IC
|
|
1/4# of odorant can treat how much ng?
|
1million cubic feet
|
|
odorant is added to ng where?
|
at points where the utility hooks up to the pipleline
|
|
a leak at a odorant site is considered what kind of spill?
|
flamable liquid spill
|
|
gas is received by local utilities along pipelines called?
|
city gate stations
|
|
the city gate station reduce the pressure from the pipelines down to what utilities system pressure?
|
60-150psi
|
|
gas pressures in distribution systems vary according to?
|
type and age
|
|
when a district regulator fails in open position the pressure on what side is increased?
|
downstream side resulting in overpressuring
|
|
most gas detectors indicated the concentration of gas in the air expressed as percentage of?
|
lower explosive limit (LEL)
|
|
when you find a gas leak try to isolate the area where?
|
as close to the leak as possible
use the quarter turn appliance |
|
if the natural gas problem cant be solved by turning the quarter turn appliance you should ?
|
move back along the supply line to the point
|
|
what stops gas flows to all tenants?
|
service entrance cock
|
|
since the explosive range of NG is 4-14% the mixture must be kept out of this range because 1% of oderant is still___% LEL
|
25% of LEL
|
|
what devices are safe to use in a ng leak?
|
pagers
|
|
ng is vented at what levels?
|
upper
|
|
gas emergencies involve one engine that need to stretch at least one line how long?
|
to cover the length of the building
|
|
outside leaks are not as common as?
|
inside leaks
|
|
propane has a wider explosive range than gasoline at________to__________%
|
2.1% LEL and 9.5% upper (UEL)
|
|
propane turns to gas at ____Degree?
|
44
|
|
when propane ignites it is called?
|
a vapor air explosion
more dangerous than a bleve |
|
lp cylinders contain propane is what state?
|
liquid and gaseous
|
|
propane compresses to ?
|
1/270th of original volume
|
|
at 70 degree the pressure in a lp cylinder is_____psi?
at 100 degree |
100 psi
190psi |
|
it isnt usually the pressure rise that causes the bleve most often the cause is?
|
the loss of strength in the cylinder
|
|
a pressure relief valve in a tank wont always prevent a?
|
bleve
|
|
the lp absorbs the heat at the bottom of the tank but not?
|
the upper vapor spaces?
|
|
cylinders with direct flame contact can bleve within?
|
10min
|
|
what pre heats the fuel oil?
|
unused steam or hot water from the boiler
upto 212degrees |
|
the main or primary control features a starting circuit and ?
|
a running circuit that controls the operation of fuel pump, fan, igniter
|
|
the primary control features a safety circuit that shuts down the pump and fan after?
|
90 seconds if the igniter fails
|
|
what is the preferred way of interrupting the operation of an oil burner?
|
remote control
emergency switch |
|
the stack switch is a bi metallic?
|
strip that senses heat in the smoke pipe
|
|
the main purpose of a stack switch is to act as a?
|
safe guard by stopping power to the pump and fan if there is no fire in the box
|
|
in a delayed ignition or kick back fire in the box putting water or dry chemical can?
|
damage the box
|
|
white ghosts occur more often during?
|
sever cold spells
|
|
as with any oil burner emergency you should direct the person in charge how?
|
in writing to have it inspected by a qualified repairman
|
|
the ends of the ballast wire are usually what color?
|
black and white
|
|
if electrical equipment is on fire use what kind of extinguisher?
|
Non conductive agents
preferably a clean agent that wont damage equipment |
|
if smoke comes out of a incinerator fire door when it is opened the fire is located?
|
above
you are below the fire |
|
the first co detectors were the ?
|
colormetric detector tubes
|
|
record all co readings by?
|
ppm,location and time
|
|
you should begin possible co areas after?
|
taking readings
|
|
the standard wood frame home is less resistant to collapse than type II construction if?
|
it is built with dimensional lumber
more likely to burn through |
|
when heated steel returns to it normal length it will retain?
|
Its distorted shape
if severely twisted it could shrink |
|
frame structures collapse is very localized to what areas?
|
between the two supporting members
|
|
in all structures, the failure of what support is more significant?
|
vertical members is more significant than horizontal
|
|
the only indication of a possible collapse may be ?
|
the fire itself
|
|
the most common causes of structural collapse?
|
structural weakness due to shoddy workmanship, illegal,improper renovations
fire damage to wooden structural members heating of unprotected steel cooling of highly heated cast iron columns or facades explosions from fuel, explosives, backdraft overloading of the floor and expansion of absorbent materials overloading of the floors and roof cutting or removing structural members vibration and impact load miscellaneous causes |
|
cast iron was unsuitable for beams but was used for?
|
columns in loft buildings
|
|
water or smoke seeping through a solid brick wall means?
|
indicates a buildup of pressure on the interior as well as weakness in the wall construciton
|
|
the distortion of the door and window frames is a result of being pushed over. this is prevalent in what class construction?
|
class 5
|
|
in event of building collapse with missing ff put tower ladder where?
|
in line with location of missing ff
|
|
the standard wood frame home is less resistant to collapse than type II construction if?
|
it is built with dimensional lumber
more likely to burn through |
|
when heated steel returns to it normal length it will retain?
|
Its distorted shape
if severely twisted it could shrink |
|
frame structures collapse is very localized to what areas?
|
between the two supporting members
|
|
in all structures, the failure of what support is more significant?
|
vertical members is more significant than horizontal
|
|
the only indication of a possible collapse may be ?
|
the fire itself
|
|
in response to a collapse you can use hi expansion foam for?
|
placing a shield between trapped ff and fire while waiting on rescue
|
|
the fifth stage of collapse rescue plan?
|
general debris removal by contractors
|
|
the second stage of collapse rescue plan?
|
accounting and removal of surface victims
|
|
the third stage of collapse rescue plan?
|
searching voids
|
|
the fourth stage of collapse rescue plan?
|
selected debris removal
|
|
the first stage of collapse rescue plan?
|
reconnaissance
|
|
before anyone goes into a building for a collapse rescue the ic needs what answered?
|
what happened
where? who's missing where were they last seen can the be alive what help do you require where can you get it what is the situation with the fire? |
|
the person designated to get the information from victims rescued from collapsed buildings?
|
victim tracking coordinator
|
|
the victim tracking coordinator should make note of what concerning the victims?
|
any injuries
and if they were transported to what hospital and by whom? |
|
V shaped voids results in voids that occur due to?
|
overloading or being burned away under load
|
|
individual voids are found in what type of collapse?
|
any type
more difficult to locate |
|
jack hammer
circular saws torches are needed for what class buildings? |
class I
|
|
selected debris removal ceases when?
|
all live victims have been removed
|
|
street management of a collapse will be hampered by?
|
scope of destruction
crowd of curious spectators sheer volume of responding rescues |
|
the first alarm engine co on a collapse must position themselves how?
|
to protect the occupant and rescuers against the threat of fire/
|
|
the third and fourth engines should go where on a collapse?
|
similar positions as the first and second eng in the rear
later arriving engines used for manpower |
|
keys and drivers of ambulances must remain where on a collapse?
|
with the ambulances in staging
|
|
a frozen zone during a collapse event is where?
|
all emergency vehicles are not permitted to move due to vibrations triggering secondary collapse
|
|
rotate collapse responders every?
|
30 min
|
|
8x8 cut requires how much linear cutting?
|
55'\
|
|
inverted roofs were common during the?
|
1920's-1960's
|
|
an inverted roof has rows of uprights ___ft on center with rows spaced ___ft on center?
|
posts 2' on center
rows 4' on center 3x12 joist |
|
using a standard wood beam spanning is limited to?
|
25'
|
|
gussett plates penetrate the wood by?
|
1/4 inc
|
|
collapse zone on a truss and bearing wall should be?
|
twice the height
|
|
the biggest drawback to lightweight trusses is?
|
lack of mass
|
|
parallel cord beam consists of?
|
1 1/2x2 plywood with a web of 3/8 plywood
|
|
you should not cut a metal deck roof where?
|
over the fire
|
|
12" circular saw cuts how deep
|
4"
|
|
20 x 50 steel plate may weigh?
|
8klbs
|