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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What clinical findings are associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)?
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- Abdominal pain
- Ascites - Hepatomegaly |
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What clinical finding is unique to Familial hypercholesterolemia?
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Achilles xanthoma
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How does Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningiococcemia) typically present?
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- Adrenal hemorrhage
- DIC - Hypotension |
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What are the classic presentations associated with Marfan's syndrome?
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- Arachnodactyly
- Lens dislocation - Aortic dissection - Hyperflexible joints |
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What are the classic presenting symptoms associated with Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)?
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- Back pain
- Fever - Night sweats - Weight loss |
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How does a positive Babinski sign (UMN lesion) present clinically?
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Big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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What are the classic presenting features associated with sarcoidosis?
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Uveitis and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
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What classic ocular finding is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta?
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Blue sclera
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What is indicated by the appearance of a bluish line on the gingiva?
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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What are the classic presenting findings associated with Paget's disease of the bone (increase osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity)?
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- Bone pain
- Bone enlargement - Arthritis |
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What are the classic presenting findings associated with Neurofibromatosis Type I?
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- Cafe-au-lait spots
- Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) |
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What are the classic presenting findings associated with Neurofibromatosis Type II?
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- Bilateral acoustic neuromas
- Cafe-au-lait spots - Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) |
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What clinical finding is unique to Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchene's muscular dystrophy)?
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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What diseases are associated with a "Cherry-red spot" on the macula?
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- Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
- Niemann-Pick (lysosomal storage disease) |
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What is the classic presentation associated with Dressler's syndrome (auto-immune mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)?
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- Chest pain
- Pericardial effusion/friction rub - Persistent fever following MI |
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What is Gower's sign (Duchenee muscular dystrophy: X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squatting position.
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What is the classic presentation associated with Parvovirus B19 (aka Slapped Cheek disease, Fifth's disease, erythema infectiosum)?
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Child with fever develops rash on face that spreads to body.
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What are the classic presenting findings associated with Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expasion)?
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- Chorea (abrupt movements)
- Caudate degeneration - Dementia |
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What are the classic presenting findings associated with McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)?
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- Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia
- Fatigue - Painful cramps |
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What disease/deficiency is indicated by cold intolerance?
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Hypothyroidism
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What are the clinical features of intranuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to the Medial Longitudinal Fasiculus)?
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- Conjugate lateral gaze palsy
- Horizontal diplopia |
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What clinical finding heard upon auscultation of the heard is indicative of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
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Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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What is a classic presenting feature of myxedema associated with adult hypothyroidism?
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition.
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How does Karposi's sarcoma present in patient with AIDS or HHV8?
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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What type of breathing is described as deep, labored breathing with hyperventilation and is commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis?
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Kussmaul breathing
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What is the classic presenting triad associated with Pellagra (niacin deficiency)?
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- Dermatitis
- Diarrhea - Dementia |
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What disease commonly presents with dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, & polyneuropathy?
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Wet beriberi (thiamine [B1] deficiency)
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What microorganism is associated with dog or cat bites that result in infection?
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Pasteurella multocida
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What is the classic presenting triad associated with Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)?
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- Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
- Dry mouth (xerostomia) - Arthritis |
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What is the diagnostic triad associated with Plummer-Vinson Syndrome?
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- Dysphagia (esophageal webs)
- Glossitis - Iron deficiency anemia |
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What are two classic presenting feature of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (defective collagen synthesis)?
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- Elastic skin
- Hypermobility of joints |
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What term refers to an enlarged, hard left supraclavicular lymph node that is the result of gastric metastatic carcinoma?
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Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
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What two types of T-cell lymphoma are characterized by erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and atypical T-cells?
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- Sezary Syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
- Mycosis fungoides |
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What is Chvostek's sign?
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping along the course of the facial nerve; indicative of hypocalcemia probably due to hypoparathyroidism.
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What abdominal pathology has a strong association with the 4Fs (Fat Fertile Female over Forty)?
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Acute cholecystitis (bile duct blockage)
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What reaction results in fever, headache, chills, and myalgia following antibiotic (penicillin) treatment for syphylis?
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Jarish-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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What are the classic presenting symptoms (3Cs) associated with Measles (Morbillivirus)?
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- Fever
- Cough - Conjunctivitis (acute inflammation of the conjunctiva) - Coryza (head cold) - Diffuse rash |
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What are the B symptoms associated with lymphoma?
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- Fever
- Night sweats - Weight loss |
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What disease refers to the deposition of fibrous plaques in the copora cavernosa of the penis causing abnormal curvature?
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Peyronie's disease (typically the result increased shear forces on a penis that has vascular ED).
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What disease is associated with Gout, mental retardation, and self-mutilating behavior in a boy?
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
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What clinical finding presents as green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea?
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Kayser-Fleischer Rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
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What colonic polyposis syndrome presents with hamartomatous GI polyps and hyperpigmentation of the mouth, feet, and/or hands (melanotic nodules)?
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic polyposis syndrome, can cause bowel obstruction and increases the risk of cancer).
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What are the classic presenting findings associated with Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)?
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- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Osteoporosis - Neurological symptoms |
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What clinical findings are associated with Alport's syndrome (Type IV collagen mutation)?
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- Hereditary nephritis
- Sensorineural hearing loss - Cataracts |
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What sign refers to the migratory thrombophlebitis associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
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Trousseau's sign
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What are the clinical findings (4Hs) associated with Kluver-Bucy Syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)?
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- Hyperphagia
- Hypersexuality - Hyperorality - Hyperdocility |
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What clinical presenting features are associated with Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism as a result of a aldosterone-secreting solitary adenoma)?
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- HTN (increase sodium retention and potassium secretion)
- +/- Hypokalemia - Metabolic acidosis |
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What findings are associated with "Blue Bloaters" (Chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)?
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- Hypoxemia (decreased arterial pressure of oxygen)
- Polycythemia (increase in volume of blood occupied by RBCs) - Hypercapnia (excess carbon dioxide) |
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What physical finding associated with primary syphilis is described as a indurated and painless ulcerated genital lesion?
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Chancre
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What lysosomal storage disease is characterize by failure to thrive (infant), hepatosplenomegaly, & neurodegeneration?
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Nieman-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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What glycogen storage disease present with an infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly?
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
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What syndrome is characterized by an infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, and structural hear defect?
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Edward's Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
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What pathology is indicated by Charcot's triad 2: jaundice, RUQ, and fever?
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Ascending cholangitis
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What skin pathology is indicated by keratin pearls on a skin lesion?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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What term refers to a large rash with Bull's eye appearance?
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Erythema chronicum migrans from tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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What neurovascular condition presents with a lucid interval following traumatic brain injury?
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Epidural hematoma
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What disease is present in a male child with recurrent infections and no mature B cells?
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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What clinical findings are associated with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)?
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- Mucosal bleeding
- Prolonged bleed time |
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What colonic polyposis syndrome is characterized by multiple colonic polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, and impacted/supernumerary teeth?
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Gardner's syndrome (genetic disorder, predisposes to colon cancer)
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What autoimmune vasculitis diseases are characterized by necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis?
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- Wegener's Granulomatosis
- Goodpasture's syndrome **Presents with hemoptysis and glomerular disease** |
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What neuromuscular pathology is seen in a neonate with arm paralysis following a difficult birth?
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
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What clinical findings are associated with Sheehan's syndrome (postpartum pituitary infarction)?
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- No lactation postpartum
- No menstruation - Cold intolerance |
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What is the name of the triad of clinical findings that consists of nystagmus, intention tremor, and scanning speech?
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Charcot's Triad 1 (Diagnostic triad associated with Multiple sclerosis)
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What type of breathing is described as being oscillating slow/fast breathing?
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Cheyne-Stoke respirations (Central apnea in CHF or increase in intracranial pressure)
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What disease present with painful, blue fingers & toes as well as hemolytic anemia?
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Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or infectious mononucleosis)
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What vascular syndrome is characterized by painful, pale, cold fingers and toes?
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
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What disease can present with painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles (Osler's node)?
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Infective endocarditis
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What etiology is typically responsible for painless jaundice?
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the common bile duct (usually pancreatic adenocarcinoma).
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What type of vasculitis presents with palpable purpura, joint pain, & abdominal pain?
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys).
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What three tumor types are typically seen in Wermer's syndrome (MEN 1 = 3Ps)?
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- Pituitary tumors
- Pancreatic endocrine tumors - Parathyroid tumors |
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What type of emphysema possess the strongest association with smoking?
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Centroacinar emphysema
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What type of emphysema has a strong associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency?
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Panacinar emphysema
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What disease is characterized by a pink complexion, dyspnea, and hyperventilation?
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Emphysema ("Pink Puffers")
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What disease present clinically with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, and shot stature in a young girl?
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation
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What syndrome presents clinically with polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, and electrolyte imbalances?
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubule reabsorption defect)
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What musculoskeletal injury is indicated by a positive anterior drawer sign and positive Lachman's test?
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Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) injury - the purpose of the ACL is to prevent the forward displacement of the tibia.
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What is the name for a pupil that accommodates but doesn't react?
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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What disease presents with rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)?
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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What diseases commonly present with a rash on the palms and soles?
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-Secondary Syphilis
-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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What disease presents as recurrent colds, unusual eczema, and high IgE?
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Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality).
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What syndrome is characterized by precocious puberty in females, Cafe-au-lait spots, and fibrous dysplasia characterized by multiple localized whorls of connective tissue?
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McCune-Albright Syndrome (Polyostotic Fibrous dysplasia)
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