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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pitch
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Is the relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound.
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Interval
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The "distance" in pitch between any two tones.
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Octave
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Interval between two tones in which the higher tone has twice the frequency of the lower tone.
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Piano/Mezzo Piano
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Soft/Very soft
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Forte/Mezzo Forte
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Loud/Very loud
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Decrescendo (diminuendo)
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Gradually softer
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Crescendo
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Gradually louder
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Accent
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Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer, or higher in pitch than the notes near it.
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Timbre (tone color)
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Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.
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Soprano
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Female voice of high range.
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Mezzo-soprano
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Female voice of fairy low range, through not so low as alto.
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Alto (contralto)
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Female voice of low range.
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Tenor
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Male voice of high range.
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Baritone
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Male voice range lower than a tenor and higher than a bass.
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Bass
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Male voice of low range.
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Woodwind Instruments
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Instrument whose sound is produced by vibration of air in a tube, holes along the length of tube are opened and closed by fingers, or by pads, to control the pitch. Ex. flute, clarinet.
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Brass Instruments
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Instrument, made of brass or silver, whose sound is produced by the vibrations of the player's lips as he or she blows into a cup or funnel shaped mouthpiece. Ex. trumpet, trombone
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String Instruments
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Instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of strings. Ex. guitar, violin
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Percussion Instruments
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Instrument of definite or indefinite pitch whose sound is produced by striking by hand, or with a stick or hammer, or by shaking or rubbing. Ex. bass drums, cymbals
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Keyboard Instruments
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Instruments- such as the piano, organ, or harpsichord - played by pressing a series of keys with the fingers.
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Conductor
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Leader of a performing group of musicians.
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Baton
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Thin stick used by many conductors to beat time and indicate pulse and tempo.
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Concert master
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Principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra.
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Pizzicato
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Means of playing a string instrument by which the strings are plucked, usually with a finger of the right hand.
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Double Stop
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Means of playing a string instrument by which the bow is drawn across two strings at the same time or almost the same time.
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Single-reed Instruments
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Instruments whose sound is produced by a single piece of cane, or reed, fastened over a hole in the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates when the player blows into the mouthpiece.
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Double-reed Instruments
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Instruments whose sound is produced by two narrow pieces of cane held between the player's lips; these pieces vibrate when the player blows between them.
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Definite Pitch
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Timpani, Glockenspiel, Xylophone, Celesta and Chimes.
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Indefinite Pitch
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Snare drum, Bass drum, Tambourine, Triangle, Cymbals and Gong.
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Rhythm
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Ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music.
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Meter
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Organization of beats into regular groups.
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Beat
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Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal unites of time.
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Syncopation
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Accenting of a note at an unexpected time, as between two beats or on a weak beat. Syncopation is a major characteristic of jazz.
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Accelerando
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Becoming faster
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Ritardando
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Becoming slower
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Tempo
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Basic pace of the music.
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Melody
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Series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole.
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Step
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Interval between two adjacent tones in the scale.
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Leap
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Interval larger than that between two adjacent tones in the scale.
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Complete Cadence
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Definite resting place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phrase in a melody.
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Incomplete Cadence
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Inconclusive resting point at the end of a phrase, which sets up expectations for the following phrase.
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Phrase
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Part of a melody.
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Cadence
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1. Resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody. 2. Progression giving a sense of conclusion, often from the dominant chord to the tonic chord.
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Theme
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Melody that serves as the starting point for an extended piece of music.
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Harmony
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How chords are constructed and how they follow each other.
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Chords
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Combination of three or more tones sounded at once.
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Chord Progression
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A series - Chord progressions enrich a melody by adding emphasis, surprise, suspense, or finality.
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Tempo Markings
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See page 51 - On test, you will need to know which one is not a tempo marking.
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Consonance
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Tone combination that is stable and restful.
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Dissonance
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Tone combination that is unstable and tense.
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Resolution
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when a dissonance moves to a consonance. When resolution is delayed or accomplished in unexpected ways, a feeling of drama, suspense, or surprise is created.
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Triad
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Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale, such as do, mi, sol.
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Key (tonality)
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Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard.
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Tonic (Keynote)
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Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard.
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Scale
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Series of pitches arranged in order from low to high or high to low.
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Modulation
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Shift from one key to another within the same piece.
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Monophonic Texture
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Single melodic line without accompaniment.
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Polyphonic Texture
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Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time.
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Homophonic Texture
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Term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords.
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Counterpoint
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Technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole.
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Form
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Organization of musical ideas in time.
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Ternary
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ABA Three-part form
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Binary
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AB Two-part form
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Humanism
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The dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance, focusing on human life and its accomplishments.
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Gregorian Chant
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Melodies set to sacred Latin texts, sung without accompaniment; Gregorian chant was the official music of the Roman Catholic church.
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Church Modes
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Scales containing seven tones with eight tone duplicating the first an octave higher, but with patterns of whole and half steps different from major and minor scales.
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What are the five parts of mass?
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Kyrie, Gloria, Gloria, Sanctus and Agnus Dei.
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Organum
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Medieval polyphony that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines.
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Word Painting
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Music representation of specific poetic images. Ex. A falling melodic line to accompany the word descending - often found in Renaissance and baroque music.
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Motet
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Polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than that of the mass; one of the two main forms of sacred Renaissance music.
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A Capella
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Choral music without instrumental accompaniment.
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Madrigal
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Composition for several voices set to a short secular poem, usually about love, combining homophonic and polyphonic textures and often using word paining.
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Recitative
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Vocal line in an opera, oratorio, or cantata that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech, often serving to lead into an aria.
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Aria
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Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually expressing an emotional state through its outpouring of melody.
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Overture (prelude)
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Short music composition, purely orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood.
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Ensemble
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In opera, a piece performed by three or more solo singers.
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Ars Nova (new art)
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A term used by music theorists to describe the profound stylistic changes of Italian and French music in the fourteenth century.
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Dates of the Medieval Era
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(450-1450)
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Dates of the Renaissance Era
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(1450-1600)
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