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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active Site
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the region of an enzyme's surface to which a specific set of substrates bind
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Alleles
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alternate forms of the same gene
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Aneuploidy
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the condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes
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Autosomes
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any eukaryotic chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; present in the smae number and kind in both males and females of the species
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Codominant Inheritance
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when two alleles act in unison to create a trait or characteristic, neither dominant over the other; both alleles are expressed
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Disaccarides
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a typre of carbohydrate formed by two simple sugars bonded covalenly
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Down Syndrome
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condition in which an individual has three sets of the chromosome numer 21; sumptoms include mental retardation, short stature, larger than normal tongue and forehead
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Enzyme
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type of protein known as a biological catalyst because it speeds up chemical reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction
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Genotype
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the genetic makeup of an organism
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Hair Cortex
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the layer of the hair shaft containing pigment-storing cells
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Hair Cuticle
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the outermost layer of the hair shaft
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Hair Root
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the part of the hair below the epidermis
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Hair Shaft
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the part of the hair above the epidermis
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Karyotype
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a picture of an individual's chromosomes taken with the help of a microscope when the cell is actively dividing
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Lock-and-Key Theory of Enzyme Function
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the theory that an enzyme fits into a substrate site like a lock into a key as the result of the respective shape of the enzyme and the specific substrate site at with it is to operate
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Monosaccarides
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a type of carbohydrate called a simple sugar; the most common are glucose and ribose
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Mutiple Allele Inheritance
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when there are more than two alleles inherited for a given same gene
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Organic Molecules
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carbon-based molecules found in living things ex/ carbs., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
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Peroxidase
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an enzyme the speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
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Phenotype
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the physical appearance of an individual organism as opposed to the general characteristics of the species to which the organism belongs
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Polysaccarides
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a type of carbohydrate formed by linking many monosaccarides to form a long chain ex/ glycogen, starch, and cellulose
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Protein
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a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; ex/ (structual) keratin and collagen, (functional) enzymes
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Substrate
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a molecule broken down or otherwise operated on by an enzyme
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Turner's Syndrome
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a condition in which a female has only one X for the sex chromosomes; symptoms include short stature, webbed neck, and reproductive sterility
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XYY "Super" Male
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a male with an extra Y chromosome; symptoms include tall stature and higher than average testosterone production
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Control Test
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a test of a system that includes all of the same features as the experimant system, except for the feature of being tested/studied; a test run that acts as a comparison
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