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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Preembryonic Stage
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Begining at conception, this stage includes: implantation formation of endoderm, mesoderm, & ectoderm and lasts 3 weeks
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Embryonic Stage
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4th - 8th week. Rapid growth & cell differentiation formation of all basic organs (head 1st). OTC's, nicotine, alcohol = high risk for birth defects
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Fetal Stage
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9th weeks - birth. Body systems cont. to grow & develop. Adequate nutrition important for normal growth.
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Physiologic development of the Neonate
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Birth - 28 days. Extrauterine life. Respiratory & circulatory systems, body temp, GI, senses, & CNS (refexes) must function independant of mother.
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Physiologic development of the Infant
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1 mo. - 1 yr. brain growth, motor skills improve, eyes focus/fixate, heart grows/slows/>BP, teeth erupt, weight/length increase
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Failure to Thrive (FTT)
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Inadequate growth resulting from inability to use/obtain calories.
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Sudden Infant Death (SIDS)
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Sudden death of an infant under 1yr. Unknown cause, possible neurologic regulation of cardiac and respiratory control.
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Role of Nurse in promoting health of infant.
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Teaching family & caregivers basic nutrition/feeding, hygeiene,immunizations, ect.
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Physiologic development of the
Toddler |
1 - 3yrs. Slower rate of growth. Uses fingers to pick up sm objects, walks, uses spoon/cup, Daytime bladder control (2.5-3y)
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Attachment and Bonding
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Bonding occurs during the first few hours after birth & is the emotional linkage of two people. Attachment the long-term maintenance and strengthening this link.
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Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Infancy Through School Age
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Risk for infection/Exposure
Diarrhea/Milk intolerance Deficient Fluid Volume/ Vomiting & diarrhea Risk for Suffocation/Lack of knowledge of safety precautions Low Self-Esteem/Abuse by caregiver |
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Toddler - Havighurst
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The toddler has the developmental task to control urine and feces; learns sex differences, form concepts, gains language skills, & knows right from wrong.
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Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
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Helping caregivers encourage their toddler's independence while setting firm limits.
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Physiologic development of the Preschooler
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3 - 6 Yrs. The body becomes leaner/ more coordinated. Baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth.
Average weight at 5/6: 45 lb |
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Preschooler - Havighurst
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4 developmental tasks: sex differences, modesty, describe social & physical reality language, ready to read, know right from wrong.
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Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health & Preventing Illness in the Preschooler
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Provides examples of teaching to promote health saftey, nutrition, hygiene, elimination, & vision/dental.
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Physiologic Development of School-Aged Child
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6 - 12 Yrs. CNS is almost completely mature, motor abilities cont. to progress, permanent teeth/except for 2nd & 3rd molars,
Height increases 2 to 3 inches & weight increases 3 to 6 lb a year, onset of puberty |
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School age - Havighurst
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Learning physical game skills,
masculine or feminine social role, reading, writing, & calculating, independence, conscience, morality, & values. |
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School age - Erikson
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Industry-versus-Inferiority New skills develop positive self-esteem. Self-identity emerges, values w/ emphasis on doing, succeeding, & accomplishing
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School age - Freud
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Latency stage. Psychosocial identification with one's own sex & creative activities. Privacy & understanding one's body
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Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health & Preventing Illness in School age child.
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Individual and family teaching, often conducted by school nurses.
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Physiologic Development
in the adolescent |
Begins w/ puberty & extends from 12 - 20 yrs. Bones grow rapidly, increase muscle mass/fat. Primary & secondary sexual development
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Adolesent/young adult - Havighurst
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Mature relationships between boys & girls of the same age. Masculine or feminine social role developed, personal appearance is accepted, values and an ethics guide behavior
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Adolescent/young adult - Freud
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Libido matures & is capable of sexual function. Creativity and pleasure are found in love and in work.
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Levinson's Theory of
early adult transition |
18 to 22 time of making initial career choices, establishing personal relationships, values & lifestyles.
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Gould's Theory of
adult transformation |
Young adults establishd control separate from the family. Enjoying the present & building for the future
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Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Adolescence
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Imbalanced Nutrition:++ Body Requirements/Compulsive overeating
Imbalanced Nutrition:-- Than Body Requirements/dieting Risk for Impaired Parenting/ Teen pregnancy Disturbed Body Image/Obesity Anxiety/School failure Ineffective Health Maintenance/Alcohol and drugs |
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Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health & Preventing Illness in Adolescence
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assessment of adolescent development must include the reproductive functioning & teaching
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Based on Freud's theory, the preschool-aged child is in the
a. Phallic stage b. Anal stage c. Oral stage d. Latency stage |
a.
According to Freud, a biologic focus that is primarily genital, with a sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent. |
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Describe the moral/spiritual development of school child?
a. Obeying rules/avoiding punishment b. Valuing loyalty & social order c. Accepting the value system of others d. Faith involves reciprocal fairness |
d.
Religious faith is seen as reciprocal fairness & accept importance of spiritual beliefs |
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The ability to reproduce in the adolescent is:
a. Maturation b. Adulthood c. Puberty d. Latency |
c.
Puberty is defined by reproductive function in the adolescent |
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What is aging?
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The gradual process characterized by cont. development and maturation. Begin at middle adulthood & are influenced by numerous biologic, psychosocial, and environmental factors
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Middle adult - Erikson
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Generativity v.s. Stagnation. The tasks are to establish & guide the next generation, accept middle-age, adjust to aging parents,reevaluate goals/accomplishments.
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Middle adult - Havighurst
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The developmental tasks of the middle adult described by Havighurst (1972) are learned behaviors arising from maturation, personal motives and values, and civic responsibility. To successfully master this developmental stage, the middle adult must accept and adjust to physical changes, maintain a satisfactory occupation, assist children to become responsible adults, adjust to aging parents, and relate to one's spouse or partner as a person.
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Middle adult - Levinson
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May choose either to continue an established lifestyle or to reorganize one's life in a period of transition.
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Middle adult - Gould
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Adults look inward (ages 35 to 43); accept life span, special interest in spouse, friends, community (ages 43 to 50); increase feelings of self-satisfaction, spouse as more concerned with health (ages 50 to 60).
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Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: The Middle Adult
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Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition/Sedentary lifestyle
Body Requirements Constipation/low fiber & lack of exercise Risk for Impaired Ski/Sun exposure Caregiver Role Strain/Aging parents |
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Physiologic Development
In older adults |
All organ systems undergo decline in overall functioning, and the body becomes less efficient
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The greatest threat to the health of older adults?
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Loss of the physiologic reserve of the various systems. Physical & emotional stress increases risk for complex reactions/ more likely to have complications & recover slowly
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Older Adult - Erikson
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Ego integrity v.s. despair & disgust. life review or reminiscence
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Examples of Nursing Interventions Classification using Reminiscence "Therapy"
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Encourage verbal expression positive & negative feelings of past events.
Ask open-ended questions about past Ask the family to bring photo albums or scrapbooks. |
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Older Adulthood - Havighurst
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primarily concerned w/ the maintenance of social contacts & relationships. Successful aging depends on a flexible & adaptation to new roles.
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Examples of Nursing Interventions Classification
Reality Orientation I |
Inform patient of person, place, and time, label items in environment, provide consistantcy in environment & routine.
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Examples of NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: The Older Adult
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Risk for Infection/Thin skin
Risk for Injury/Unstable gait Ineffective Coping/Chronic illness Impaired Physical Mobility/ |
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The middle aged person struggling w/ "stagnation" is:
a. “helping my parents move into an assisted-living facility.” b. “I spend all of my time going to the doctor to be sure I am not sick.” c. “I have enough money to help my son and his wife when they need it.” d. “I earned this gray hair and I like it!” |
b.
Stagnation is an over concern about their own physical and emotional health needs |