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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is somatotype?
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Classification of body shape
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What are the 3 body shapes?
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Endomorph
Mesomorph Ectomorph |
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Describe an endomorph
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A lot of body fat
Wide hips Narrow shoulders |
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Describe a mesomorph
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Very little body fat
Muscular Narrow hips Broad shoulders |
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Describe a ectomorph
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Very little muscle or fat
Narrow hips Narrow shoulders |
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When measuring somatotypes, what is the score out of?
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7
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Out of a sumo wrestler, sprinter and a marathon runner, what would have a somatotype of 2:6:2?
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Sprinter
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Out of a sumo wrestler, sprinter and a marathon runner, what would have a somatotype of 6:4:2?
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Sumo wrestler
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Out of a sumo wrestler, sprinter and a marathon runner, what would have a somatotype of 1:3:7?
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Marathon runner
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What things need to be measured to determine you somatotype?
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Height
Weight Bone Muscle |
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What somatotype tends to participate in sports that rely on power?
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Endomorphs
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Why is an endomorphic shape beneficial to a sport relying on power?
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More weight will give more power
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Endomorphs excel at what sports?
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Shot put
Rugby (forward) |
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What somatotype tens to participate in sports that require strength and sudden bursts of energy?
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Mesomorphs
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Why is a mesomorphic shape beneficial to a sport relying on strength?
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More muscle will give more strength
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Mesomorphs excel at what sports?
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Long jump
Sprint |
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What somatotype tends to participate in sports that require a long distance?
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Ectomorphs
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Why is an ectomorphic shape beneficial to sports that have a long distance?
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Less body weight means they are lighter
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Endomorphs excel at what sports?
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Marathon running
High jump |
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What is optimum weight?
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Most favourable weight for your lifestyle or sport
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What factors can affect optimum weight?
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Height
Gender Bone structure Muscle girth Genetics |
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How does height affect optimum weight?
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Taller people are usually heavier
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How does gender affect optimum weight?
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Men normally have more muscle, larger bones and less fat
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How does more muscle and less fat affect optimum weight?
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Muscle weighs more than fat
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What is bone structure?
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How long and heavy bones are
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How does bone structure affect optimum weight?
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Large bones mean a large optimum weight
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How does muscle girth affect optimum weight?
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A large muscle girth, the heavier you are
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How can genetics affect optimum weight?
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Body weight and shape are largely passed on through the genes
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What type of sports people would have a low optimum weight?
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Boxer
Jockey |
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How does someone lose weight?
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Burn more calories than taken in
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How does someone gain weight?
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Take in more calories than burnt
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How does someone maintain weight?
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Burn the same amount of calories taken in
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What is anorexia nervosa?
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A prolonged disorder, due to the loss of appetite
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What is being underweight?
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Being less than is normal or healthy
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When is a man underweight?
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less than 5% is body fat
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When is a woman underweight?
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Less than 10% is body fat
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What is being overweight?
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Having excess weight over the normal scale
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What can cause someone to be over weight?
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Over eating
Lack of exercise Bone structure |
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What is being over fat?
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Excessive fat content in the body
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What is being obese?
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Someone who is very over fat
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When is a man obese?
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More than 25% of their body is fat
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When is a woman obese?
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More than 30% of their body is fat
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Name 2 recreational drugs
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Nicotine (smoking)
Alcohol |
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What 3 main things are in a cigarette?
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Tar
Nicotine Carbon monoxide |
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What in a cigarette is addictive?
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Nicotine
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What does nicotine do to your body?
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Increases blood pressure and heart rate
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What is tar?
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A mixture of chemicals
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What happens to tar, when cigarette smoke is inhaled?
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Left behind in the lungs
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What is carbon monoxide?
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An odourless, tasteless, poisonous gas
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How does carbon monoxide affect your body?
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Permanently bonds with red blood cell
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What happens to the red blood cells carrying carbon monoxide?
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Can no longer transport oxygen, which reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry
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What affect does less oxygen carried by the blood, have on the heart?
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The heart has to work harder, which puts strain on it causing circulatory problems
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What common diseases can smoking cause?
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Coronary heart disease
Lung cancer Bronchitis Emphysema |
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What is coronary heart disease?
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Fatty deposits line arteries restricting blood flow
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What can coronary heart disease lead to?
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Heart attacks
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What is bronchitis?
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The bronchi (air tubes) in the lungs swell and make it difficult to breathe
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What can bronchitis cause?
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Emphysema
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What is emphysema?
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The alveoli get damaged, therefore reduce the ability to create ‘gas exchange’
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What is alcohol?
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A depressant
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What does alcohol do the body (generally)?
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Slows down vital functions
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What are the short term effects of alcohol?
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Vomiting
Violence Impairs information processing Dehydration Impairs motor functions |
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What are the long term effects of alcohol?
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Liver disease
Cancer of the mouth and throat High blood pressure Nerve damage Death |
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In what sports is alcohol banned from?
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Shooting
Archery Motor sports |
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Why is alcohol banned from shooting and archery?
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Has a calming effect, which can improve performance
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Why is alcohol banned from motor sports?
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Slows down reaction times so is a safety risk
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Name 6 performance enhancing drugs
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Diuretics
Beta blocker EPO Anabolic steroids Narcotic analgesics Stimulants |
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What are diuretics?
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Pills used to treat high blood pressure and kidney diseases
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What are the side effects of diuretics?
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Dehydration
Muscle cramps Dizziness Long term kidney problems |
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How can diuretics enhance performance?
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For weight loss
Mask another drug |
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How does a diuretic reduce weight?
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Removes water from the body
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How does a diuretic mask another drug?
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Reduces their concentration in urine (increased amount of urine)
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What type of sports performer would take a diuretic?
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Any athlete masking another drug
Boxer Jockey |
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What is a beta blocker?
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A medication for angina, high blood pressure or irregular heart beats
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What are the side effects of a beta blocker?
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Nausea
Diarrhoea Tiredness Depression |
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How does a beta blocker enhance performance?
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Reduces the heart rate, lowers blood pressure and stops adrenalin production.
Improves accuracy |
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What type of sports performer would use a beta blocker?
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Archer
Snooker player Gymnast Shooter Golfer |
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What is EPO?
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A hormone produced naturally by the kidneys
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What are the side effects of EPO?
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Thickens blood
Increased chance of a blood clot |
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How does EPO enhance performance?
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Stimulates production of red blood cells, more oxygen can be transported, delays the onset of fatigue
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How long before the test does a performer have to take the drug, for it to be positive?
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5 to 7 days
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What type of sports performer would take EPO?
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Distance events
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What are anabolic steroids?
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Drugs that are usually made from testosterone
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What are the side effects of anabolic steroids?
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Liver disease
Infertility Increased risk of heart attack and muscle injury |
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How do anabolic steroids enhance performance?
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Reduces fatigue and the time required to recover
Increase development muscle tissue |
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What type of sports performer would take anabolic steroids?
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Sprinter
Weight lifters |
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What are narcotic analgesics?
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A drug used for pain relief
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What are the side effects of narcotic analgesics?
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Worse health problem
Loss of concentration Loss of balance Hallucinations |
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How do narcotic analgesics enhance performance?
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Reduces pain, so the athlete can train harder and for longer
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What type of sports performer would take narcotic analgesics?
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An injured athlete
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What are stimulants?
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Substances that have a direct effect on the central nervous system
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What are the side effects of stimulants?
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Irregular heartbeat
Increased heart rate High blood pressure |
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How do stimulants enhance performance?
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Increases heart rate and brain functions
Reduce tiredness |
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What type of sports performer would take stimulants?
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Sprinter
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What drug is more likely to be taken by a distance runner than a sprinter?
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EPO
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An athlete will use this drug to mask the pain of a torn muscle
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Narcotic analgesic
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Some performers will use this drug to mask another drug
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Diuretics
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Why do performers take drugs despite the potential health risks?
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To win
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What is a possible harmful side effect of a diuretic?
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Long term kidney problems
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