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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the normal intervals for
QT QRS PR? |
QT- 1/2 of previous RR interval
QRS- 1-2.5 boxes RP- 3.5 boxes |
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What is the rate of
Ventricle Junctional Atrial muscle? |
Ventricular 20-40
Junctional- 40-60 Atrial 60-80 |
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Primary AV BLock
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PRimary has a PRolonged PR interval >5 boxes
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2nd Degree Wenceback AV block
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PR interval gradually lengthens in successive cycles but the last P wave fails to conduct to the ventricles
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3rd Degree Mobitz block
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Bundle of HIS defect
multiple P waves to 1 ventricular contraction |
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RBBB vs LBBB
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Right is the Bunny ears- L comes first the R fires
Left is the raised "bitten carrot" where right fires first then left |
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RAH vs LAH
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RAH/E- Terminal compnent of a diphasic p wave is larger
LAH/E- initial component of a diphasic P wave in V1 is larger |
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LVH vs RVH
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LVH- Lenthened R wave in V1
RVH- lengthened R wave in V5 |
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EKG: Ischemia
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t-wave is typically symmmetrically inverted
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EKG: ST elevation
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acute or recent injury
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EKG: ST depression
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Subendocardial infarction
Stress/Strain Digitalis |
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EKG: Q-wave
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indicates infarction or necrosis
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Lateral infarction
Anterior Infarction Inferior Infarction |
Qwaves and ST elevations (look for both)
I, AVL V1-4 II, III, AVF |
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EKG: Hypokalemia
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As the serum K drops below normal the levels of the T wave becomes flat or inverted and a U wave appers
U wave |
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DIgitalis effect
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Lowet portion fo the ST sement is depressed below the baseline (Salvador Dali's mustache)
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EKG: COPD
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often produces low voltage amplitude in ALL leads
usually there is a R axis deviation |
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Automaticity causes
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It is the interference with the generation of the action potential,
Cause by Vascular occlusion, tissue infiltration Metabolic (hypothyroid) Toxic (liver failure) Drugs Atrial Stretch |
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Causes of Tachycardia
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Metabolic (hyperthyroidism, K+ disturbances)
Most common : STRETCH |
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ReEntry is the most common cause of
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Tachycardia and PSVT
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Describe a unidirectional Block wiith Re-entry
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Unudirectional block in normal pathway with slow conduction over the alternat path followed by retrograde re-excitation of initially blocked pathway
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What is the Tx for bradycardia?
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Pacemaker
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Sinus tachycardia
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can happen with exercise,
Irritable SA node or Atrial foci MAT; PAC |
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Primary cause of MAT (multifocal Atrial Tach)
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COPD
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PSVT
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Usually re-entry w/ atrium or AVnode accessory pathway
Skinny QRS >100 rate delta wave (look at image) Prevent with BB, CCB, Digoxin, Raiofrequency |
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Treatment of PSVT
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Vagaal maneuvers,
Propanolol, IV adenosine |
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WPW/LGL
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Congenital Accessory pathway that causes re-entry, has a very SHORT PR interval (<3 boxes) cause premature ventricular depolarization
TX: BB, CCCB, Digi 1st choice- radiofrequency ablation |
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Atrial Flutter
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SAW-TOOTH
can be 2:1, 3:1 pattern of Reentry Treat the underlyling cause after you slow that sucker down with BB or DIGITALIS (slows av conduction) |
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Ventricular Tach
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>3 consecutive ventricular contractions
"sustained Vtach >30 seconds = emergency) -usually due to ischemic heart disease and or acute MI -PROLONGED QT Syndrome |
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Torsades De Points
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VFib with twisting axis
associated with congenital Long QT syndrome |
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Axis changes in hypertrophy and infarct
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HTpy- Vector points toward the hypertrophied side
INfarct- points away from the infarcted side |
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lead I and AVF charges in
Normal RAD LAD E. RAD |
Norm Both +
RAD AVF + LAD I+ E. RAD Both - |
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Degrees of Glory with each Lead
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I-0
II-60 F+90 III+120 L-30 R- 150 |