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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Animals that possess homologous structures probably _____.
are the result of similar environmental pressures in different evolutionary lineages have increased genetic diversity evolved from the same ancestor are not related are the result of convergent evolution |
evolved from the same ancestor
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Fossil evidence indicates that some dinosaurs had feathers. If birds are indeed descended from dinosaurs, feathers are what kind of character?
analogous character polyphyletic character shared derived character shared ancestral character cladistic character |
shared ancestral character
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What process actually increases the number of genes in an organism's genome?
parsimony mutation gene duplication cladistics independent assortment |
gene duplication
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hy do researchers use rRNA in investigations of relationships between taxa that diverged hundreds of millions of years ago?
rRNA is traditionally the nucleic acid chosen for recent comparisons. rRNA cannot mutate. rRNA is never the nucleic acid chosen for comparisons. rRNA mutates rapidly. DNA coding for rRNA changes relatively slowly. |
DNA coding for rRNA changes relatively slowly
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Molecular clocks are based on the idea that _____. mutations occur once every generation advantageous mutations arise at a constant rate molecules resonate at a certain frequency that can be measured directional selection occurs at a constant rate on average neutral mutations arise at a constant rate |
on average neutral mutations arise at a constant rate |
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Which process occurred frequently in the early history of the three domains on Earth, and makes determining phylogenetic relationships of that time difficult? alternative RNA splicing meiosis binary fission horizontal gene transfer mitosis |
horizontal gene transfer |
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Which observation supports the position of eukaryotes at the convergence of the "ring of life"? Eukaryotes and archaeans both lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Introns are rare in both bacteria and archaeans. Only eukaryotes perform mitosis. Circular chromosomes are present in both bacteria and archaeans. The nuclear genome of eukaryotes contains genes from archaeans and from bacteria |
The nuclear genome of eukaryotes contains genes from archaeans and from bacteria. |
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Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of related groups of organisms. Organisms are grouped into taxa based on homologous characteristics, shared traits that result from common ancestry. Which statement is true? Ancestral traits are always simpler than derived traits. Homologous structures look the same and serve the same function, but they differ in evolutionary origin and structure. The term “monophyletic” refers to a taxon that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants. |
The term “monophyletic” refers to a taxon that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants. |
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To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. base phylogenetic trees only on the fossil record, as this provides the simplest explanation for evolution. choose the tree with the fewest branch points. choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, in either DNA sequences or morphology. |
choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, in either DNA sequences or morphology |
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If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup? domestic cat lion wolf tiger leopard |
wolf |
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Which of the following statements about hominin evolution is correct? As hominins have evolved, _____. canine teeth have increased in size the foramen magnum has shifted farther back on the skull they have developed longer fingers sexual dimorphism was significantly reduced jaw size has increased |
sexual dimorphism was significantly reduced |
