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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Developmental Psyc
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studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death
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Personality Psyc
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focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another
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Health Psyc
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explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
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Clinical Psyc
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deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
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Counseling Psyc
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focuses primarily on educational, social, and career-adjustment problems
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Social Psyc
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study of people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others
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Cross-cultural Psyc
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investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups
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Which subfield of psychology matches: What teaching methods most effectively motivate elementary school students to successfully accomplish academic tasks?
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educational psychology
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a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology c. educational psychology d. industrial psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: it is thought that pornographic films that depict violence against women may prompt aggressive behavior in some men.
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social psychology
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a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology c. personality psychology d. school psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: Joan, a college freshman, is worried about her grades. She needs to learn better organizational skills and study habits to cope with the demands of college.
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counseling psychology
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a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology c. counseling psychology d. developmental psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: At what age do children generally begin to acquire an emotional attachment to their fathers?
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developmental psychology
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a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology c. counseling psychology d. developmental psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: The teachers of 8-year-old Jack are concerned that he has recently begun to withdraw socially ad to show little interest in school work
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school psychology
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a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology c. personality psychology d. school psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: Jessica is asked to develop a management strategy that will encourage safer work practices in an assembly plant.
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industrial psychology
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a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology c. educational psychology d. industrial psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: Luis is unique in his manner of responding to crisis situations, with an even temperament and a positive outlook.
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personality psychology
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a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology c. personality psychology d. school psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: Janette's job is demanding and stressful. She wonders if her lifestyle is making her more prone to certain illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease.
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health psychology
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a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology c. counseling psychology d. developmental psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: A psychologist is intrigued by the fact that some people are much more sensitive to painful stimuli than others are.
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experimental psychology
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a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology c. educational psychology d. industrial psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: What chemicals are released in the human body as a result of a stressful event? What are their effects on behavior?
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behavioral neuroscience
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a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology c. personality psychology d. school psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: A strong fear of crowds leads a young man to seek treatment for his problem.
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clinical psychology
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a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology c. counseling psychology d. developmental psychology |
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Which subfield of psychology matches: What mental strategies are involved in solving complex word problems?
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cognitive psychology
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a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology c. educational psychology d. industrial psychology |
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Who laid the foundation of psychology?
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Wilhelm Wundt
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a. Wundt
b. James c. Ebbinghaus d. Wertheimer |
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What were the early perspectives that guided the work of psychology?
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structuralism, functionalism, and gestalt
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What does the neuroscience approach focus on?
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the biological components of the behavior of people and animals
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Psychodynamic perspective
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behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control
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Behavioral perspective
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undeerstanding behavior in terms of the principles of learning
observable, measurable behavior |
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Cognitive perspective
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understanding behavior in terms of cognitive events
approaches behavior consider how people know, understand, and think about the world |
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Humanistic perspective
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emphasizes that people are uniquely inclined toward psychological growth and higher levels of functioning and that they will strive to reach full potential
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"It is behavior that can be observed that should be studied, not the suspected inner workings of the mind." This statement was most likely made by someone with which perspective?
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behavioral perspective
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a. cognitive
b. neuroscience c. humanistic d. behavioral |
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Wundt described psychology as the study of conscious experience, a perspective he called _________.
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structionalism
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Early Psychologists studied the mind by asking people to describe what they were experiencing when exposed to various stimuli. This procedure was known as ________.
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introspection
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Gestalt Psychology
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thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements of perception
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Humanistic Psychology
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suggests all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior
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Who studied memory and was the first female president of the APA?
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Mary Calkins
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a. Margaret Floy Washburn
b. Mary Calkins c. Anna Freud d. Lillian Gilbreth |
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An explanation for a phenomenon of interest is known as ____.
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Theory
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Operational Definition
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the translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed.
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Independent Variable
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Manipulated
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Dependent Variable
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Measured
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Naturalistic Observation:
Disadvantage: |
looking at behavior in its true setting without intervening in the setting
people's behavior can change if they know they are being watched |
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Survey Research:
Disadvantage: |
directly asking a sample of people questions about their behavior
people may lie in order to present a good image |
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Case Study:
Disadvantage: |
doing and in-depth investigation of a person or small group
the researcher may not be able to generalize to the population at large |
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Archival Research :
Disadvantage: |
examining existing records to test a hypothesis
the data may not exist or may be unusable |
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Three benefits of using animals in psychological research
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(1) With animal subjects we have greater control over environmental and genetic factors. (2) Large number of similar participants can be easily obtained. (3) We can look at generational effects more easily in animals, because of their shorter life span, than we can with people.
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A false treatment, such as a pill that has no significant chemical properties or active ingredient, is known as a ________.
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Placebo
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Step one of the Psychology Scientific Method
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Identify questions of interest stemming from: (1) behavior and phenomenon requiring explanation, (2) prior research findings, (3) curiosity, creativity, insight
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Step two of the Psychology Scientific Method
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Formulate and explanation (1) specify a theory (2) develop a hypothesis
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Step three of the Psychology Scientific Method
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Carry out research (devise an operational definition of the hypothesis, select a research method, collect the data, and analyse the data)
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Step four of the Psychology Scientific Method
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communicate the findings
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Correlation does not.....
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equal causation
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Standard Deviation
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measure of dispersion that takes into account of how far each data point is from the mean
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Inferential Statistics
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math methods that allow us to determine whether we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population
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T-test
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a type of inferential statistic used to compare two different means to each other
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Type 1 error
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in hypothesis testing, rejecting a TRUE null hypothesis that should be RETAINED
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Type 2 error
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In hypothesis testing, retaining a FALSE null hypothesis that should be REJECTED
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Statistical Significance
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The larger the difference, the less likely to be attributable
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Variance
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a numerical way of describing the degree in which the scores in a data set differ or fluctuate from the mean value
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