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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If trying to rule out mosaicism then?
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Use two different tissue samples for analysis
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What are some suitable cells that can be submitted for cytogenetic studies?
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1. Lymphocytes found in blood (peripheral blood)
2. Fibroblasts from skin & tissue biopsies 3. Bone marrow cells 4. Fetal cells (amniotic fluid or from chorionic villus biopsies) |
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How do we grow cells that will be used for cytogenetic studies?
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1. Mitogens are added to stimulate cells to divide
2. Incubate for 2-3 days 3. Cocemid is added to stop mitosis in metaphase 4. Centrifuge cells to concentrate 5. Add a hypotonic solution and fix cells, then drop cells on slide to break them 6. Add trypsin to digest proteins associated with DNA 7. Add Giemsa stain |
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There are 2 types of banding techniques
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1. Techniques that produce thin, alternating bands along the length of the entire chromosome (G, Q, R)
2. Techniques that stain onl y a specific band or region of some or all of the chromosomes (C, T, NOR, DAPI) |
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What banding stains constitutive heterochromatin?
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C banding
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How do these stain with the Geimsa stain?
Euchromatin, constitutive heterochromatin, & facultative heterochromatin |
Euchromatin: stains G negative
Constitutive heterochromatin: stains G positive Facultative heterochromatin: stains either G+ or G- |
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Term that indicates a cell with a set or sets of 23 chromosomes
Ie: haploid, diploid, polyploid |
Euploid
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Term that indicates exact multiples of the haploid chromosome number, greater than diploid
Ie: triploidy, tetraploidy |
Polyploidy
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Any other abnormal chromosome number (not in sets of 23)
Ex: Trisomy, Monosomy Result of nondisjunction |
Aneuploidy
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Failure of chromosomes to separate normally during cell division either meiosis or mitosis
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Nondisjunction
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