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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Na-Dene |
Language group Navajo belong to Today most of Navajo Nation speaks their language |
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Navajo |
Hunter/gatherers until Hopi taught them farming
Made great weavings once they learned to use wool
Largest and most populous tribal reservation in US
Only 13% live outside the N Nation |
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Tony Hillerman |
Mystery novels about Navajo tribal police detectives |
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Navajo silversmithing |
Learned from Mexicans |
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SW & Europeans |
Coronado brought Spanish to region looking for Cibola (city of gold) Settled in NM |
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San Miguel Chapel |
Santa Fe Oldest church in US |
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Santa Fe |
Trade center for region and oldest capital in US
"Holy Faith" All roads in SW lead to Santa Fe |
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Palace of the Governors |
Adobe structure Oldest public building in continuous use in US Seat of gov't for: New Spain --> Mexico --> New Mexico Territory --> state of NM |
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Spanish SW architecture |
Stucco walls, clay tile roofs, terracotta |
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Santuario de Chimayo |
"Lourdes of NM" due to reputation as healing site |
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Mormons |
Joseph Smith visited by angel, found golden plates Brigham Young led migration to Utah to escape persecution Claimed new state called Deseret, but rejected and became Utah territory Now 70% of Utah is Mormon, and 67% of Mormons live out west |
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SW and native population |
Highest proportion of population is Native American (1 in 100) outside of Alaska |
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New Mexico and Hispanics |
More in NM than any other state Recent Hispanic governors |
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NAFTA and immigration |
Huge increase in illegal immigration since NAFTA signed in 1994
Mexican ag couldn't compete with cheap American grain (subsidies) |
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Mexico's Great Migration |
Mexican farmers couldn't compete w/ American prices, came to America More than 1/2 farm workers in US are illegal immigrants |
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Strawberries |
"Devil's fruit" b/c you have to bend over all day to pick them Pickers only make $65 a day |
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Illegal immigrant populations |
#1: California #2: Texas |
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Burning Man |
One week, over Labor Day Black Rock Desert in northern Nevada |
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Meteor Crater |
Arizona |
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Petrified Forest National Park |
Arizona Acacia wood |
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Jerome, AZ |
Became rich from copper mines in 1920s Became National Historic Landmark, has art galleries, coffee houses, restaurants, mining history museum House of Joy: brothel-inspired shop |
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Sonora Desert Museum |
Tuscon |
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Phoenix tourist attractions |
60+ golf courses |
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Route 66 |
"Will Rogers Highway" Built in 1920s, connecting Chicago to California Used to escape Dust Bowl Bypassed by the interstate system under Ike Best intact in Arizona and NM |
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White Sands National Monument |
Dunes of gypsum salt in NM |
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Carlsbad Caverns National Park |
NM Underground lunch room |
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California Indian Wars |
1850-1890 State militia fight NAs Act for Gov't and Protection of Indians allowed whites to raid villages Women and kids taken as forced labor, men and elderly killed |
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Ishi |
"Last wild Indian" Last of Yahi tribe Studied by anthropologists |
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California statehood |
Land gained during Mexican-American War (1846-1848) Discovery of gold in 1848 led to miner 49ers, gold rush California fast-tracked to statehood in 1850 |
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Population of California |
1/2 born outside California
Most populous state
Major destination for internal migration until trend slowed in 1990s, when foreign immigration increased
Attracts more immigrants (domestic and international) than any other state
Over 1/3 of Canadians abroad live in southern CA |
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LA and Hispanics |
Highest concentration (Central Valley also high due to ag and migrant workers) |
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California and Hispanics |
#2 percentage of Hispanics in population (38% of pop.) Highest concentration in LA county |
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California and Asians |
Second largest minority (15%) Chinese laid Central Pacific Railroad Chinese men est. laundries |
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Chinese Exclusion Act |
Suspended Chinese immigration 1882-1943 Men couldn't bring over families Some deported, most not allowed citizenship |
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Largest and oldest China Town in North America |
San Francisco |
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Japanese immigration |
"Gentleman's agreement" 1907 barred more Japanese men from entering, but allowed women and children Until Immigration Act of 1924 banned all Japanese and non-whites from entering US Japanese and Filipinos mostly worked in ag, Chinese on railroads Japanese "picture brides" |
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CA and urbanization |
90% of Californians live in urban areas |
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Haight-Ashbury District |
San Fran area that was focal point for hippie movement, along w/ town of Berkeley across the bay Berkeley used to be hippie capital, but now Eugene, Oregon |
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Central Valley |
50% of US nuts, fruits, veggies 90% of US wine from Napa and Sonoma Vallies |
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Cali wine |
Gallo is largest winery |
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California and dairy |
#1 in most forms of dairy Second to Wisconsin in cheese |
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California ports |
LA and Long Beach ports are biggest container port in US Mostly trade w/ China |
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California's trading partners |
#1: Mexico Then Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea Computers and electronics are top export |
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Silicon Valley |
Santa Clara Valley Includes San Jose and southern part of San Francisco Once "Valley of Heart's Delight" |
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Age of Hawaiian islands |
Kauai is oldest, Hawaii youngest |
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Big Island |
Made up of 5 volcanoes that merged into each other 2 active: Kilauea - very active, almost continuous; on East side, home to Pele (volcano goddess) Mauna Loa - most massive volcano on Earth. Active but hasn't erupted in 32 yrs |
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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park |
Kilauea + summit and East slopes of Mauna Loa |
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Hawaii rain patterns |
Big Island: winds blow East to West, so East coast is lush rainforest and West coast is semi-arid/desert |
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Captain James Cook |
First European contact w/ Hawaii |
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Kingdom of Hawaii |
Kamehameha unified all islands under central gov't "Napoleon of the Pacific" Collected taxes, promoted trade w/Western powers, prohibited non-native land ownership until 1848 Wanted to maintain control of islands from outsiders |
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King Kalakaua |
2nd to last monarch Adopted lifestyle and customs of the American "elite" Forced to sign Bayonet Constitution at gunpoint, removed much of executive power from monarch and stripped 75% of native Hawaiians of voting rights |
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Queen Lili'uokalani |
Proposed new constitution, which prompted US and Euro businessmen, residents, and Marines to depose her and annex Hawaii |
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Hawaiian population |
Highest percentage of Asians Most multiracial people in any state Fewest non-Hispanic white people |
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Honolulu |
75% of population and 80% of economy here No other state/province so heavily dominated by a single urban center |
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Hilo |
Second largest Hawaiian city, on wet Eastern side of Big Island |
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Land use/ownership in Hawaii |
1/2 of land is owned by state or federal gov't Military owns 1/4 of O'ahu, Pearl Harbor National and state parks comprise part of gov't land |
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Ni'ihau |
"Forbidden Isle" Elizabeth Sinclair bought island and passed down to what is now Robinson family 130 residents, mostly just natives and Robinsons; small naval installation, limited day trips allowed but not much else No hotel, store, cars, etc. |
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Lana'i |
Pineapple Island, James Dole World's largest pineapple plantation Very small settlement (Lana'i City) Oracle Corp bought island in 2012, plan for organic ag, solar farm, luxury hotel |
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Prices in Hawaii |
Double LA house prices with roughly same median income Import food, gas, etc. from mainland so more expensive |
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Hawaiian tourist industry |
30% of economy, main industry |
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Juan de Fuca plate |
Subducts North American plate to form Cascade Mountains |
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Cascadia Volcanoes |
Erupt violently due to gas bubbles in lava Mt. St. Helens Mt. Rainier (Tacoma) |
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Douglas Fir |
Most common tree Popular for Christmas trees and pretty cones |
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Timber industry in Pacific NW |
2/3 of US timber cuts, sales In decline since to housing crisis (people not building as many homes, furniture) But offset by timber exports, mostly to Japan and China |
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Alaskan oil |
North Slope Oil Fields have a pipeline to the Valdez Terminal High cost of production, esp. compared to Saudi Arabia Alaska depends on petroleum revenues to finance state operations (does not have state income tax or collect state sales tax) |
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Alaskan Command |
HQ in Anchorage Administrates military in Alaska Maintains air sovereignty, etc. |
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Canada name |
From Iroquois word for "village" or "settlement" |
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John Cabot |
First European contact with future Canada (Brits) Landed in Newfoundland 1497 |
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Jacques Cartier |
Explore St. Lawrence River in 1534 |
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Canada possession |
French (New France) until cession to Brits 1763 Many French in Acadia (Nova Scotia) migrate to Quebec and New Brunswick |
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Hudson Bay Company |
British, governed Rupert's Land under charter from king (1670-1870) Sold land to new gov't of Canada in 1870 for cheap, but still made $$$ Now "The Bay," high-end department store |
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Northwest Company |
French and American |
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Confederation of Canada |
Partial independence as Dominion of Canada (still a Commonwealth territory) |
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John A. MacDonald |
First PM of Canada |
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Metis |
Half-breeds |
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Immigrant destinations in Canada |
#1: Toronto #2: Vancouver #3: Montreal |
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Dominion Day/Canada Day |
Anniversary of Canada being officially formed Changed to Canada Day in 1982 |
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Last province to join Canada |
Newfoundland |
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Heiau |
Temples built by native Hawaiians, offering animal and human sacrifices to the gods |
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Wailua River |
Hawaiian River w/ secret royal temples |
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Kauai and biodiversity |
90% of its flora and fauna found nowhere else on Earth Very isolated |
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Lei |
Traditionally brought when invited to party/celebration/luau/funeral/wedding, etc. |
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Luau |
Traditionally celebration for child's first birthday Now given for special birthdays, thanksgivings |
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Oahu |
Most populated island (has Honolulu with 75%, Waikiki with many as well) |
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Gov't employment in Alaska |
Cutbacks may hamstring Alaskan economy Gov't employment is 23% of jobs in Alaska, and 31% of wage and salary income |
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Alaskan oil |
On decline, too expensive to get out and low oil prices not helping Gov't funding comes from oil so collapse of oil could bankrupt gov't |
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Alaskan economic crisis |
Economy built on gov't employment and oil, both on decline Address by reducing deficit; collect income tax to keep funding safe (since cutting gov't spending would cut jobs which would have negative effect) |
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Mo'olelo |
Hawaiian traditions |