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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sediment deposited first in stream
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coarsest
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sed. rocks- textural features most closely related to transport by water
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size sorting and rounding
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2 most important processes transforming loose sediments into hard
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compaction and cementation
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coral rich limestone block cemented by younger limestone depostites-formed on
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ocean side of reef
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graded bedding in clastic sedimentary rocks caused by
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slowing down of water currents
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marine regression
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shallower water sediments deposited on deeper sediments
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metamorphic rocks found at
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convergent plate boundries and near igneous intrusions
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least abundant type of rock in earths crust
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sedimentary
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type of metamorphism affects greatest volume of rock
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regional
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this happens w/ reigonally metamorphosed rock
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foliation
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high confining pressures means this for minerals
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denser minerals
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metamorphism of material down subduction zone means these conditons
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low temp high pressure
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hornfells commonly associated w/ which kind of metamorphism
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contact metamorphism
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isograd
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line on map connecting points of 1 occurence of material in metamorphic rocks
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this kind of rock indicates partial melting
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migmatite
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metamorphic rock not from shale
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marble
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high temp end of sequence of minerals whose low temp end is chlorite
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silimanite isograd
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ocean contain this much of worlds water
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96%
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groundwater is this much of the worlds freshwater
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22%
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sandstone w/ highest porosity has this characteristic
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well sorted
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permeability
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measure of rocks water-transmitting capacity
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saturated zone of groundwater
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pore spaces completely full
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unsaturated zone of groundwater
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pore spaces not completely full
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top of the saturated zone
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water table
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ground water moves faster through____ than ____
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loose sand than clay
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best groundwater reservoir
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high permeability and high porosity
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san andreas fault of CA
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dextral strike slip fault
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alpine fault of New Zealand
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sinistral strike slip fault
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fault where hanging wall block moved upwards relative to footwall block
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reverse fault
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this is always perpindicular to strike-measured in a vertical plane- and is the steepest angle of slope for a particular plane
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dip
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erosional surface separating unaltered parallel sedimentary rocks
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disconformity
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erosional or depositional surface between underlying ingneous rocks and overlying sedimentary rocks
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nonconformity
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sediment diameter of 1/16 mm to 2 mm
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sand
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group of processes that convert loose sediment into rock
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lithification
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composed of fragments of preexisiting rocks that have been cemented together
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elastic sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks cover this much of earths land surface
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75%
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these are dense masses of sediment-laden water that flow down slope along sea floor
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turbidity currents
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rate of increase of pressure w/ depth
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geobaric gradient
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polymorphys of Al2SiO5
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kyanite andalusite and sillimanite
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low pressure high temp metamorphism
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contact metamorphism
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this type of rock is associated w/ contact metamorphism
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hornfells
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this rock is associated w/ rocks being carried down subduction zone
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blue schist
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base of unsaturated zone
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water table
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measure of rock's water holding capacity
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porosity
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well that rises naturally above local level of aquifier
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artesian well
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compass orientation of direction of max inclination of bed
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strike
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spoon shaped fault concave upwards
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listric fault
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during folding this occurs and develops parallel to fold hinge plane
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tilation
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outermost layer of the earth strong and brittle and deforms elastically
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lithosphere
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portion of fold between adjacent fold hinge planes
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limb
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formula for force
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force= mass x acceleration
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formula for stress
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stress= force / area
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olivine turns into this when super heated
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talc
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zone around an igneous body with in which metamorphic changes have take place
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metamorphic aureole
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