Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
First Law of Planetary Motion
|
Planets orbit the sun in elliptical, not circular, orbits
|
|
Second Law of Planetary Motion
|
A line connecting the Earth and Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time periods
|
|
Revolution
|
Movement of Earth about the Sun
|
|
Rotation
|
movement of the Earth about its axis
|
|
North and South Poles
|
intersection of the Earth's axis with the surface
|
|
Latitude
|
-measure of the north-south dimension
-are parallel |
|
Equator
|
a line around the Earth's surface that is equidistant from the two poles
|
|
Great Circle
|
Any line that divides the earth into two hemispheres
|
|
Nautical Mile
|
one minute of arc length at the equator
|
|
Longitude
|
measure of the east-west dimension
|
|
Prime Meridian
|
0 degrees on longitude, passes trhough Greenwich Observatory
|
|
International Date Line
|
180 degrees longitude, opposite the Prime Meridian
|
|
Perihelion
|
When the Earth is nearest to the sun, on Jan 4, 147 million km
|
|
Aphelion
|
Whent he Earth is furthest from the sun, July 4, 153 million km
|
|
Plane of the Ecliptic
|
imaginary plane in which the Earth's orbit lies
|
|
Polar angle
|
-angle between the Plane of the Ecliptic and the Earth's axis
-66.5 degrees |
|
Axial Tilt
|
-the angle from being perpendicular to the Plane of the Ecliptic
-23.5 degrees |
|
Circle of Illumination
|
separates the Earth into a sunlit hemisphere and a dark hemisphere
|
|
Equinox
|
one of two times during the year when the sun's rays are directly overhead at the equator
|
|
Solstice
|
one of two times during the year when the sun's rays are directly overhead at a point furthest from the equator
|
|
Tropics
|
latitudes where the sun's rays are directly overhead at noon during a solstice
|
|
Tropic of Cancer
|
-Northern Hemisphere
-locateda t 23.5 degrees N lat |
|
Tropic of Capricorn
|
-Southern Hemisphere
-located at 23.5 degrees south latitude |
|
Circles
|
latitudes where the sun's rays are on the horizon at midnight during a solstice
|
|
Arctic Circle
|
-Northern Hemisphere
-located at 66.5 degrees N lat |
|
Antarctic Circle
|
-Southern Hemisphere
-located at 66.5 degrees S lat |
|
Perigee
|
-moon is closest to Earth
-354,00 km |
|
Apogee
|
-moon is furthest from Earth
-404,000 km |
|
Node
|
occurs when the moon crosses the Plane of the Ecliptic
|
|
Syzygy
|
occurs when the earth, sun, and moon are aligned to form a straight line
|
|
Conjunction
|
-Sun-Moon-Earth
-when moon blocks out earth -Solar Eclipse |
|
Opposition
|
-Sun-Earth-Moon
-Earth bloks out moon -Lunar eclipse |
|
Quadrature
|
-occurs when the earth, sun, and moon form a right angle
-occurs every 14 and 3/4 days |
|
Perigean Tide
|
-greater than normal tide at Perigee
-tidal range is 20% greater (higher high, lower low) |
|
Apogean Tide
|
-lesser than normal tide at apogee
-tidal range is 20% less (lower high, higher low) |
|
Spring Tide
|
-greater than normal tide at syzygy
-tidal range is 20% greater (higher high, lowerl ow) |
|
Neap Tide
|
-lesser than normal tide at quadrature
-tidal range is 20% less (lower high, high low) |
|
Electromagnetic Radiation
|
-series of waves of light having different wavelengths
-can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted (like through a pane of glass) |
|
Albedo
|
percent of solar/shortwave radiation that is reflected from a surface
|
|
Solar constant
|
-Energy recieved at the top of the atmoshpere
-1376 Wm^2 |
|
Conduction
|
Energy exchange between objects by physical contact
|
|
Convection
|
Energy exchange between objects by flow of a fluid (atmosphere)
|
|
Latent Heat
|
-Energy stored by changing water from solid or liquid to a gas
-no change in temperature, but change in phase of water molecules |
|
Evaporation
|
Liquid to gas
|
|
Sublimation
|
Solid to Gas
|