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547 Cards in this Set
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Hydrosphere
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all the bodies of water on Earth
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Lithosphere
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all the land on Earth
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Atmosphere
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all the air on Earth
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Biosphere
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the part of Earth that supports life
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Eurasia
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the border of Europe and Asia
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Isthmus of Panama
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the strip of land connecting North and South America
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Sinai Peninsula
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what separates Africa and Asia
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Continental Shelf
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an underwater extension of the coastal plain
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Mount Everest
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the tallest mountain in the world
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Dead Sea
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sea whose shore is the lowest point of dry land on Earth
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Mariana Trench
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the lowest point on Earth
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Core
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the core of Earth made up of iron and nickel
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Mantle
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thick layer of hot, dense rock outside the core
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crust
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a rocky shell forming Earth's surface
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Continental drift
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theory that continents were once joined then slowly drifted apart
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Plate tectonics
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all physical processes that create any of Earth's surfaces
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Folds
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bends in layers of rock
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Faults
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cracks in the Earth's crust
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Weathering
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the breaking down of rocks
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Erosion
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the wearing down of Earth's surfaces
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Glaciers
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large bodies of ice that move across Earth's surfaces
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moraines
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large piles of rock and debris left behind by glaciers
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`"
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name given to the regular movement of water
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Evaporation
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changing of liquid into gas
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Condensation
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changing of gas into liquid
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Precipitation
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rain, snow, sleet, or hail
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Pacific
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largest ocean
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Atlantic
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ocean near east coast of U.S.A
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Indian
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ocean near India
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Arctic
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ocean near the Arctic circle
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Weather
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the condition of the atmosphere at one place and time
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Climate
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weather patterns that an area typically experiences
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Axis
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imaginary line running from north to south pole
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Temperature
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the measure of how hot or cold an area is
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Revolution
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a trip around the sun
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Equinox
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when daytime and nighttime are equal
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Tropic of Cancer
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the northernmost point on earth to receive the direct rays of sun
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Solstice
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marks the beginning of the summer in the northern hemisphere
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Tropic of Capricorn
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the day of shortest daytime
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Greenhouse effect
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earths atmosphere trapping the suns energy for plants to grow
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Global warming
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rise in atmospheric CO2 levels causes rises in global temperature
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Arctic Circle
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the area around the north pole
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Antarctic Circle
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the area around the south pole
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Low, mid, high latitudes
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between 90*S & 90*N
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Prevailing winds
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global winds that blow in constant patterns
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Coriolis effect
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causes prevailing winds to blow diagonally
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Doldrums
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narrow, windless bands along the equator
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Currents
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cold and warm streams of water
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Tropics
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tropical climates found in or near the low latitudes
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Sahara
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the desert that extends over one-third of the african continent
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Oasis
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an area of lush vegetation
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Coniferous
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trees that have cones
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Deciduous
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trees that have broad leaves
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Prairies
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inland grasslands
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Permafrost
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layer of soil that is permanently frozen
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Hypothesis
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a scientific explanation
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smog
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a visible chemical haze in the atmosphere that endangers peoples health
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silicon valley
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third largest U.S. high-tech center
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manufacturing belt
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area extending east from the great lakes
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wheat/corn belt
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ohio to nebraska, the great plains in america, and the plain provinces in canada
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ohio river
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river along the east coast of america. makes up the border between ohio and kentucky
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trans-canada highway
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runs 4860 miles from victoria to st. johns
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global economy
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the merging of economies in which countries are interconnected and become dependent on one another
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tariffs
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type of taxes
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rio grande
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area in mexico where the rapid industrial growth is threatening the environment
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alaska
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the largest and most northern state in america
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Mt. McKinley
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highest mountain peak in North America
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Great Plains
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Appalachian Mountains
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mountain range that stretches from Alabama to Canada
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"Newfoundland
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Tributaries
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a stream, river, or glacier that feeds another larger one
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"Yukon Territory
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Mississippi River
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longest river in North America
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Great Lakes
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chain of 5 lakes in northeast America and Canada
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Fossil fuels
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this is not a flahscard
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fisheries
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http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/13/world/americas/colombia-bomb-detecting-rats/index.html?hpt=wo_t3
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Aquaculture
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http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/13/world/americas/colombia-bomb-detecting-rats/index.html?hpt=wo_t3
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Everglades
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wetlands in the southern portion of Florida
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Death Valley
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the lowest, driest, and hottest location in North America
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andes mountains
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mountain range that stretches from colarado to the southern tip of south america
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mexican plateau
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central plateau in mexico between the sierra madre occidental and oriental
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brazilian highlands
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plateau region of central and southeastern brazil
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amazon river
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river flowing through peru and brazil in south america and into the atlantic ocean
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rio de la plata
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estuary of the parana and uraguay rivers between uruguay and argentina
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amazon basin
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the area of south america drained by the amazon river and its tributaries
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atacama desert
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desert in northern chile
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indigenous
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people descended from an area's first inhabitants
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yucatan peninsula
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old home of the mayans
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mexico city
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capitol of mexico
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tenochtitlan
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a large lake in mexico city
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conquistador
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conqueror
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viceroy
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royally appointed official
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cuba
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island in the eastern mediterranean sea, south of turkey
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dominican republic
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republic occupying the eastern two thirds of hispaniola island in the west indies
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west indies
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carribean islands between north america and south america
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panama
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capitol of panama
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gautemala
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south of mexico
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columbia
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republic in northern south america
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honduras
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central american republic
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tijuana
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city near u.s.-mexico border, just south of san diego
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costa rica
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central american country south of nicaragua
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santiago
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capital of chile
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GDP
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gross domestic product
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Glaciation
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Is the process in which glaciers formed and spread.
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Alps
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Its mountain system forms forms a crescent form southern France to the Balkan Peninsula.
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Rhine
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One of Europe's major rivers that run through the Alps.
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Po
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One of Europe's major rivers that run through the Alps.
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Northern European Plain
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Scoured by Ice Age glaciers the Great European Plain, stretches form southeastern England and western France eastward to Poland,Ukraine, and Russia.
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Loess
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A fine, rich,wind-borne soil left by glaciers,cover it.
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Dikes
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Large banks of earth and stone, to hold back water
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Polders
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reclaimed land that were once drained and kept dry by the use of windmills.
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Fjords
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Long narrow, steep-sided inlets on the Atlantic coastline
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Baltic Sea
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Lowlands in Sweden slope through here
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North Sea
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The Jutland Peninsula forms the mainland part of Denmark and extends in the North Sea.
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British Isles
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Lies northwest of the mainland
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Aegean Sea
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Greece's nearly has 2,000 islands here.
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Danube River
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Flows from southern Germany's Black Forest through Hungary and Romania to the Black Sea
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Black Sea
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Is eastern Europe's major waterway
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France
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Has mild climate
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Permafrost
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Soil that is permanently frozen below the surface
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Norway
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Located in high latitudes and they experience a warmer climate characteristics of mid latitude regions
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Sweden
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Located in high latitudes and they experience a warmer climate characteristics of mid latitude regions
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Timberline
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The elevation above which trees cannot grow
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Mistral
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A strong north wind from the Alps, can send gusts of bitterly cold air into southern France.
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Siroccos
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Hot, dry winds from North Africa, may bring high temperatures to the region
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Foehns
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Blow down from the mountains into valleys and plains
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Avalanches
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Destructive masses of ice,snow, and rock sliding down mountainsides
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Hungary
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A belt of dry, cold grassland
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Romania
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A belt of dry, cold grassland
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Ukraine
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A belt of dry, cold grassland
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United Kingdom
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a kingdom in NW Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801–1922. Capital: London.
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Ireland
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republic in NW Europe occupying most of Ireland: established as the Irish Free State (a British dominion) in 1921 and declared a republic in 1949; joined the European Community (now the European Union) in 1973. Official languages: Irish (Gaelic) and English. Currency: euro. Capital: Dublin.
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Iceland
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a large island in the N Atlantic between Greenland and Scandinavia
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Norway
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a kingdom in Northern Europe, in the Western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula
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Sweden
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kingdom in Northern Europe, in the Eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula.
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Finland
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a republic in N Europe: formerly a province of the Russian Empire
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Denmark
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a kingdom in N Europe, on the Jutland peninsula and adjacent islands.
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Immigrant
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a person who migrates to another country, usually for permanent residence
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Refugees
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a person who flees for refuge or safety, especially to a foreign country, as in time of political upheaval, war, etc.
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Feudalism
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the legal and social system that evolved in W Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries, in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and were required to serve under them in war
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Reformation
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the religious movement in the 16th century that had for its object the reform of the Roman Catholic Church, and that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches.
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Enlightenment
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the act of enlightening
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Industrial Revolution
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the transformation in the 18th and 19th centuries of first Britain and then other W European countries and the US into industrial nations
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Communism
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a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
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Cold War
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intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations, short of military conflict; sustained hostile political policies and an atmosphere of strain between opposed countries.
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European Union
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an association of European nations formed in 1993 for the purpose of achieving political and economic integration. Incorporating the European community, the European Union's member states are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
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Welfare states
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a state in which the welfare of the people in such matters as social security, health and education, housing, and working conditions is the responsibility of the government.
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Romanticism
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the theory, practice, and style of the romantic art, music, and literature of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, usually opposed to classicism
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France
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a republic in W Europe, between the English Channel, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic: the largest country wholly in Europe; became a republic in 1793 after the French Revolution and an empire in 1804 under Napoleon; reverted to a monarchy (1815--48), followed by the Second Republic (1848--52), the Second Empire (1852--70), the Third Republic (1870--1940), and the Fourth and Fifth Republics (1946 and 1958); a member of the European Union. It is generally flat or undulating in the north and west and mountainous in the south and east.
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Netherlands
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Also called: Holland , Dutch name: Nederland a kingdom in NW Europe, on the North Sea: declared independence from Spain in 1581 as the United Provinces; became a major maritime and commercial power in the 17th century, gaining many overseas possessions; formed the Benelux customs union with Belgium and Luxembourg in 1948 and was a founder member of the Common Market, now the European Union. It is mostly flat and low-lying, with about 40 per cent of the land being below sea level, much of it on polders protected by dykes. Official language: Dutch. Religion: Christian majority, Protestant and Roman Catholic, large nonreligious minority
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Belgium
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a kingdom in W Europe, bordering the North Sea, N of France.
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Switzerland
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a republic in central Europe. Capital: Bern.
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Crusades
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any of the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims
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Reparations
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the making of amends for wrong or injury done: reparation for an injustice.
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Holocaust
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the Churban , Also called the Shoah the mass murder of Jews and members of many other ethnic, social, and political groups in continental Europe between 1940 and 1945 by the Nazi regime
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Luxembourg
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a grand duchy surrounded by Germany, France, and Belgium
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Realism
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interest in or concern for the actual or real, as distinguished from the abstract, speculative, etc.
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Impressionism
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a movement in French painting, developed in the 1870s chiefly by Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, and Sisley, having the aim of objectively recording experience by a system of fleeting impressions, esp of natural light effects
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Italy
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a republic in S Europe, comprising a peninsula S of the Alps, and Sicily, Sardinia, Elba, and other smaller islands: a kingdom 1870–1946. 57,534,088; 116,294 sq. mi. (301,200 sq. km). Capital: Rome.
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Spain
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a kingdom in SW Europe. Including the Balearic and canary islands, 39,244,195; 194,988 sq. mi. (505,019 sq. km). Capital: Madrid.
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Andorra
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a republic in the E Pyrenees between France and Spain, under the joint suzerainty of France and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel. 74,839; 191 sq. mi. (495 sq. km).
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Greece
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Ancient Greek, Hellas. Modern Greek, Ellas. a republic in S Europe at the S end of the Balkan Peninsula. 10,583,126; 50,147 sq. mi. (129,880 sq. km). Capital: Athens.
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Portugal
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a republic in SW Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula, W of Spain. (Including the Azores and the Madeira Islands) 9,867,654; 35,414 sq. mi. (91,720 sq. km). Capital: Lisbon.
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Vatican City
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an independent state within the city of Rome, on the right bank of the Tiber. Established in 1929, it is ruled by the pope and includes St. Peter's Church and the Vatican, 1000; 109 acres (44 hectares).
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City states
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a sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies.
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Renaissance
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the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
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Serbia
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a former kingdom in S Europe: now, with revised boundaries, a constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in the N part; includes the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. 9,660,000; 34,116 sq. mi. (88,360 sq. km). Capital: Belgrade.
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Montenegro
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a constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in the SW part: an independent kingdom 1878–1918. 615,000; 6333 sq. mi. (13,812 sq. km). Capital: Podgorica.
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Bosnia
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a historic region in SE Europe: a former Turkish province; a part of Austria-Hungary (1879–1918) now part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Herzegovina
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a historic region in SE Europe: a former Turkish province; a part of Austria-Hungary 1878–1914; now part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Croatia
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a republic in SE Europe: includes the historical regions of Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia; formerly a part of Yugoslavia. 5,026,995, 21,835 sq. mi. (56,555 sq. km) Capital: Zagreb.
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Slovenia
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a republic in SE Europe: formerly part of Yugoslavia. 1,945,998; 7819 sq. mi. (20,250 sq. km). Capital: Ljubljana.
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Macedonia
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a republic in S Europe: formerly (1945–92) a constituent republic of Yugoslavia. 2,113,866; 9928 sq. mi. (25,713 sq. km). Capital: Skopje.
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Czech Republic
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a republic in central Europe: includes the regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and part of Silesia; formerly part of Czechoslovakia; independent since 1993. 10,318,958; 30,449 sq. mi. (78,864 sq. km). Capital: Prague.
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Poland
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a republic in E central Europe, on the Baltic Sea. 38,700,291; about 121,000 sq. mi. (313,400 sq. km). Capital: Warsaw.
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Hungary
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Hungarian name: Magyarország a republic in central Europe: Magyars first unified under Saint Stephen, the first Hungarian king (1001--38); taken by the Hapsburgs from the Turks at the end of the 17th century; gained autonomy with the establishment of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary (1867) and became a republic in 1918; passed under Communist control in 1949; a popular rising in 1956 was suppressed by Soviet troops; a multi-party democracy replaced Communism in 1989 after mass protests; joined the EU in 2004. It consists chiefly of the Middle Danube basin and plains. Official language: Hungarian. Religion: Christian majority. Currency: forint. Capital: Budapest Pop: 9 831 000 (2004 est). Area: 93 030 sq km (35 919 sq miles)
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Slovakia
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a republic in central Europe: formerly a part of Czechoslovakia; under German protection 1939–45; independent since 1993. 5,393,016; 18,931 sq. mi. (49,035 sq. km). Capital: Bratislava.
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Ukraine
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a republic in SE Europe: rich agricultural and industrial region. 50,684,635; 223,090 sq. mi. (603,700 sq. km). Capital: Kiev.
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Latvia
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republic in N Europe, on the Baltic, S of Estonia, an independent state 1918–40; annexed by the Soviet Union 1940; regained independence 1991. 2,437,649; 25,395 sq. mi. (63,700 sq. km). Capital: Riga.
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Estonia
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republic in N Europe, on the Baltic, S of the Gulf of Finland: an independent republic 1918–40; annexed by the Soviet Union 1940; regained independence 1991. 1,444,721; 17,413 sq. mi. (45,100 sq. km). Capital: Tallinn.
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Lithuania
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republic in N Europe, on the Baltic: an independent state 1918–40; annexed by the Soviet Union 1940; regained independence 1991. 3,635,932; 25,174 sq. mi. (65,200 sq. km). Capital: Vilnius.
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Bulgaria
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republic in SE Europe. 8,652,745; 42,800 sq. mi. (110,850 sq. km). Capital: Sofia.
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Belarus
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Byelorussian Republic , Bielorussia , Also called: White Russia a republic in E Europe; part of the medieval Lithuanian and Polish empires before being occupied by Russia; a Soviet republic (1919--91); in 1997 formed a close political and economic union with Russia: mainly low-lying and forested. Languages: Belarussian; Russian. Religion: believers are mostly Christian. Currency: rouble. Capital: Minsk. Pop: 9 851 000 (2004 est). Area: 207 600 sq km (80 134 sq miles)
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Romania
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a republic in SE Europe, bordering on the Black Sea. 21,399,114; 91,699 sq. mi. (237,500 sq. km). Capital: Bucharest.
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Balkanization
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to divide (a country, territory, etc.) into small, quarrelsome, ineffectual states.
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Ethnic cleansing
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the elimination of an unwanted ethnic group or groups from a society, as by genocide or forced emigration.
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farm cooperatives
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organization in which farmers share in growing and selling farm products
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genetically modified foods
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food sources, the genes of which have been altered to cause increase in size and speed of growth or greater resistance to pests
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organic farming
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the use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops
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maastricht treaty
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a 1992 meeting of europen governments in maastricht, the netherlands, that formed european union
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straight of gibralter
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passage connecting mediterranean sea to the atlantic ocean
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Caucasus Mts.
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rise north of mount ararat between the black sea and caspian sea
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Atlas Mts.
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extends across morocco and Algeria
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Arabian Peninsula
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to the east the red sea and the gulf of Aden separates the Arabian Peninsula from Africa.
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Persian Gulf
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frames this peninsula on the east and the Arabian sea borders it to the south
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|
|
|
Sinai Peninsula
|
to the northwest the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba flank the Sinai Peninsula
|
|
|
|
Dead Sea
|
the smallest of these sits at the mouth of the Jordan River
|
|
|
|
Caspian Sea
|
Located in Central Asia the Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water on Earth.
|
|
|
|
Aral Sea
|
East of the Caspian Sea is the Aral Sea.
|
|
|
|
Nile River
|
Located in Egypt this is the world's longest river at 4,160 miles (6,693km).
|
|
|
|
Tigris River
|
is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq.
|
|
|
|
Euphrates River
|
a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations.
|
|
|
|
Sahara
|
The largest desert in the world at about 3.5 square miles it covers most of North America.
|
|
|
|
Pastoralism
|
the raising and grazing of livestock is a way of life for people live in a steppe climate.
|
|
|
|
Nomads
|
Groups of people who move from place to place depending on the season and availability of grass for grazing and water.
|
|
|
|
Bedouins
|
Arabic- speaking people who migrated to North Africa from desert in Southwest Asia.
|
|
|
|
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
|
North African peoples that have had continuous contact with Europe for hundreds of years, they all have influenced the culture in this sub-region.
|
|
|
|
Infrastructure
|
Basic urban necessities such as streets and utilities.
|
|
|
|
Domesticate
|
Plants and animals, or adapt them from the wild for such uses as food, clothing, and transportation.
|
|
|
|
Hieroglyphics
|
A form of picture writing
|
|
|
|
nationalism
|
A belief in the right of an ethnic group to have its own independent country.
|
|
|
|
Suez Canal
|
An important shipping lane that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea across Egypt, has made Egypt a key regional power.
|
|
|
|
Monotheism
|
A belief in one God.
|
|
|
|
Prophets
|
Messengers that include Abraham and Jesus.
|
|
|
|
Mosque
|
A house of worship where Muslims pray.
|
|
|
|
Mesopotamia
|
The area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
|
|
|
|
Fertile Crescent
|
a large rich agricultural region that Mesopotamia
|
|
|
|
Persian Empire
|
During the 500s B.C the Persian Empire expanded across the region.
|
|
|
|
Embargo
|
a ban on trade on oil when it became angered over the Arab-Israeli War.
|
|
|
|
Ziggurats
|
mud brick temples which were shaped like pyramids and rose high above the flat landscape.
|
|
|
|
Hajj
|
pilgrimage
|
|
|
|
Silk Road
|
An ancient caravan route that linked Xian in central China with the eastern Mediterranean.
|
|
|
|
Great Rift Valley
|
a large depression in the Earth's surface that stretches from Syria in southwest Asia to Mozambique in the southeastern part of Africa
|
|
|
|
Lake Victoria
|
the largest lake in africa that is located between the eastern and western branches of the great rift
|
|
|
|
Niger River
|
the main artery of western africa, extending about 2,600 miles in length. It originates in the highlands of Guinea. It flows northeast and then curves southeast to the Nigerian coast
|
|
|
|
Delta
|
a triangular section of land formed by sand and silt carried down river
|
|
|
|
Congo River
|
a river that reaches the mediterranean sea through an estuary
|
|
|
|
Estuary
|
a passage where fresh water meets seawater.
|
|
|
|
savannna
|
a tropical grassland with scattered trees that covers almost half of Africa.
|
|
|
|
Namib Desert
|
a sparse desert along the coast of Namibia with rocks and dunes
|
|
|
|
Kalahari desert
|
a very dry desert, that has some spots that support animals and plants. It occupies eastern Namibia, most of Botswana, and part of South Africa.
|
|
|
|
chad
|
home to a very diverse population, there are more than 200 distinct ethnic groups.
|
|
|
|
Senegal
|
home of the mande people
|
|
|
|
Mali
|
home of the mande people
|
|
|
|
Niger
|
home of the Hausa
|
|
|
|
sudan
|
the place with the highest population density along the Nile River
|
|
|
|
Darfur
|
the western region that holds 2.7 million displaced people and is involved in a conflict between agrarian non-arab black African Muslims and government backed militias
|
|
|
|
patriarchal
|
headed by a male family memeber
|
|
|
|
Nucelar family
|
a family made up of a husband, wife, and children
|
|
|
|
Uganda and Tanzania
|
The Bantu ethnic group that takes up most of the countries
|
|
|
|
Rwanda and Burundi
|
The Hutu ethnic group makes up the majority of the countries
|
|
|
|
Kenya and Ethiopia
|
inland cities that have grown from trade
|
|
|
|
Somalia
|
60 percent of the population is nomadic or seminomadic
|
|
|
|
Djibouti
|
Has a long history that dates back to thousands of years and includes trading relationshiops with the arabian peninsula, china, and indai.
|
|
|
|
Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, togo, and Benin
|
countries taht are mvoing to urban areas in hopes of finding work and education
|
|
|
|
Nigeria
|
an example of rapid population group. In 2009 about 153 million people lived in nigerai. It is projected taht the country's population growth will exceed 190 million by 2025
|
|
|
|
Niger
|
rapid population growth is contributing to competitinon between ehrders and farmers fro natural resources including land
|
|
|
|
Gambia
|
46 percent of the people live in villages
|
|
|
|
Senegal
|
more than half of the country is rural
|
|
|
|
Ghana and mali
|
countries named after two ancient empires
|
|
|
|
Mauritania
|
a place moors had left for fear of being captured and enslaved
|
|
|
|
Democratic republic of Congo and cameroon
|
both countries are home to more than 200 ethnic gropus
|
|
|
|
Central African Republic
|
a place where each ethnic group has its own language
|
|
|
|
Gabon and equatorial Guinea
|
Peopls of mostly Bantu origin
|
|
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
islands with about 200,000 people from many different ethnic groups
|
|
|
|
Republic of congo
|
a densley poplulated area of central Africa
|
|
|
|
Zimbabwe and Zambia
|
where the sena people live. The Zambezi River seperates the two countries
|
|
|
|
Malawi
|
where the Sena sell fish and buy needed items (at markets) on the Zambezi river
|
|
|
|
Swaziland
|
Where the Swazi people migrated
|
|
|
|
South Africa
|
where the Swazi and Sulu peoples maintain strogn policitcal and cultural presesnce
|
|
|
|
Namibia
|
Where the best known hunter-gatherers live (the san people)
|
|
|
|
Lesotho
|
a small country completely surrounded by the country of South Africa
|
|
|
|
Madagascar
|
where people have been trading with outsiders as early as 600 A.D.
|
|
|
|
Angola
|
the portugues controlled this country throught the 1500s because they wanted slaves
|
|
|
|
Comaros
|
An Island where a trading colony was established
|
|
|
|
Botswana
|
a stable and succesufual economy that has been like that since independence in 1966
|
|
|
|
Mauritius
|
A country that has attained an open economy and political system defined by colitions and alliance building
|
|
|
|
Apartheid
|
seperation of races
|
|
|
|
Universal suffrage
|
voting rights for all adult citizens
|
|
|
|
Subsistence Farming
|
small-scaqle agriculture that provides primarily for the needs of a family or village.
|
|
|
|
Comercail Farming
|
when farms produce crops on a large scale
|
|
|
|
Cash Crop
|
crops that are grown and sold for profit
|
|
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
used to be an agricultural country in africa
|
|
|
|
South Africa
|
the world's largest producer of gold.
|
|
|
|
E-Commerce
|
selling and buying on the Internet
|
|
|
|
Somalia, Djibouti, and Ethiopia
|
the horn of Africa that is a bulge of land that juts into the Indian ocean
|
|
|
|
Poaching
|
illegal hunting
|
|
|
|
Korean Peninsula
|
a peninsula that juts southeast from China's Northeast Plain, sparating the sea of Japan from the Yellow sea.
|
|
|
|
archipelago
|
an island chain of japan that countain 4 large mountainous islands and thousands of smaller ones.
|
|
|
|
Gobi
|
a desert taht extends from southern Mongolia to North central China.
|
|
|
|
Huang He
|
also called the yellow river, it is china's major river system
|
|
|
|
Loess
|
Yellowish brown topsoil (also known as silt)
|
|
|
|
Chang Jiang
|
Asia's longest river at 3,965 miles, also known as the Yangtze River.
|
|
|
|
Taiwan
|
part of the southeast portion of East Asia, that has a humid subtropic climate
|
|
|
|
Monsoon
|
The air mass above the Asian continent and the air mass above the Pacific ocean meet in East Asia.
|
|
|
|
Typhoon
|
The warm humid air over the tropical ocean frequently gives rise to violent storms.
|
|
|
|
Tibet
|
a non-chinese ethnic group that was once a buddhist kingdom. There is tension between the chinese and the tibetans
|
|
|
|
Aborigines
|
Taiwan's original inhabitants
|
|
|
|
Mongolia
|
made of mostly ethnic mongolians. Centuries ago there ancestors ruled the largest land empire. Today the Mongolians are divided
|
|
|
|
Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, and Guangzhou
|
Large urban centers taht lie in river calleys or costal plains. It has a population density of only 5 people per square mile
|
|
|
|
Dynasty
|
ruling family
|
|
|
|
homogeneous
|
having a population belonging to the same ethinic group
|
|
|
|
Tokyo
|
the world's most populous urban area, with more than 35 million people
|
|
|
|
shogun
|
a military ruler
|
|
|
|
samurai
|
professional warriors
|
|
|
|
Nagasaki and Hiroshima
|
where the U.S. droped atomic bombs
|
|
|
|
Haiku
|
a form of poetry created by the Japanese that originally had only 3 lines and 17 syllables but now is written in many line and syllable combinations
|
|
|
|
acculturation
|
the absorption of popular culture from another country
|
|
|
|
Seoul
|
capital of south korea
|
|
|
|
Pyongyang
|
capital of north korea
|
|
|
|
Cultural divergence
|
a growing apart of countries
|
|
|
|
Commune
|
large farming communities
|
|
|
|
Cooperative
|
farms jointly are operated by households
|
|
|
|
Merchant Marines
|
fleets used for commercial transport are vital to export trade.
|
|
|
|
Trade surplus
|
occurs when the value of a country's exports exceeds the value of its imports
|
|
|
|
trade deficit
|
occurs when the value of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports
|
|
|
|
Dissidents
|
citizens who speak out against government policies
|
|
|
|
Economic sanctions
|
trade restrictions on China
|
|
|
|
WTO
|
an international body that oversees trade agreements and settles trade disputes among countries
|
|
|
|
CFCs
|
gaseous substances found in liquid coolants
|
|
|
|
Aquaculture
|
the cultivation of fish and other seefood
|
|
|
|
Indochina Peninsula
|
A region in Southeast Asia lying roughly southwest of China, and east of India.
|
|
|
|
Malay Peninsula
|
A peninsula in Souteheast Asia.
|
|
|
|
Insular
|
Of, pertaining to, being, or resembling an island or islands.
|
|
|
|
Ring of Fire
|
An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity, around the Pacific Ocean.
|
|
|
|
Endemic
|
Native to a particular area or culture; originating where it occurs.
|
|
|
|
Cambodia and Vietnam
|
where Khmers settled on the Southeast Asian mainland
|
|
|
|
Thailand
|
Where the Khmer people live today
|
|
|
|
Myanmar
|
now inhabited by Burmans
|
|
|
|
Laos
|
where the Lao people moved
|
|
|
|
Maritime
|
seafaring
|
|
|
|
spheres of influence
|
agreed-upon areas of control
|
|
|
|
Buffer state
|
neutral terriroty
|
|
|
|
Marrial law
|
the control and policing of civilians by military rules
|
|
|
|
singapore
|
where people of ethnic chinese ancestry make up a large part of the countries population
|
|
|
|
philippines
|
U.S. gained control of the Philippines in 1898
|
|
|
|
Alabama
|
Montgomery
|
|
|
|
Alaska
|
Juneau
|
|
|
|
Arizona
|
Phoenix
|
|
|
|
Arkansas
|
Little Rock
|
|
|
|
California
|
Sacramento
|
|
|
|
Colorado
|
Denver
|
|
|
|
Connecticut
|
Hartford
|
|
|
|
Delaware
|
Dover
|
|
|
|
Florida
|
Tallahasse
|
|
|
|
Georgia
|
Atlanta
|
|
|
|
Hawaii
|
Honolulu
|
|
|
|
Idaho
|
Boise
|
|
|
|
Illinois
|
Springfield
|
|
|
|
Indiana
|
Indianapolis
|
|
|
|
Iowa
|
DesMoines
|
|
|
|
Kansas
|
Topeka
|
|
|
|
Kentucky
|
Frankfort
|
|
|
|
Louisiana
|
Baton Rouge
|
|
|
|
Maine
|
Augusta
|
|
|
|
Maryland
|
Annapolis
|
|
|
|
Massachusetts
|
Boston
|
|
|
|
Michigan
|
Lansing
|
|
|
|
Minnesota
|
St. Paul
|
|
|
|
Mississippi
|
Jackson
|
|
|
|
Missouri
|
Jefferson City
|
|
|
|
Montana
|
Helena
|
|
|
|
Nebraska
|
Lincoln
|
|
|
|
Nevada
|
Carson City
|
|
|
|
North Carolina
|
Raleigh
|
|
|
|
North Dakota
|
Bismarck
|
|
|
|
New Hampshire
|
Concord
|
|
|
|
New Jersey
|
Trenton
|
|
|
|
New Mexico
|
Santa Fe
|
|
|
|
New York
|
Albany
|
|
|
|
Ohio
|
Columbus
|
|
|
|
Oklahoma
|
Oklahoma City
|
|
|
|
Oregon
|
Salem
|
|
|
|
Pennsylvania
|
Harrisburg
|
|
|
|
Rhode Island
|
Providence
|
|
|
|
South Carolina
|
Columbia
|
|
|
|
South Dakota
|
Pierre
|
|
|
|
Tennessee
|
Nashville
|
|
|
|
Texas
|
Austin
|
|
|
|
Utah
|
Salt Lake City
|
|
|
|
Vermont
|
Montpelier
|
|
|
|
Virginia
|
Richmond
|
|
|
|
Washington
|
Olympia
|
|
|
|
West Virginia
|
Charleston
|
|
|
|
Wisconsin
|
Madison
|
|
|
|
Wyoming
|
Cheyenne
|
|
|
|
Iceland
|
Reykjavik
|
|
|
|
Norway
|
Oslo
|
|
|
|
Sweden
|
Stockholm
|
|
|
|
Finland
|
Helsinki
|
|
|
|
Russia
|
Moscow
|
|
|
|
Estonia
|
Tallinn
|
|
|
|
Latvia
|
Riga
|
|
|
|
Lithuania
|
Vilnius
|
|
|
|
Belarius
|
Minsk
|
|
|
|
Ukraine
|
Kiev
|
|
|
|
Ireland
|
Dublin
|
|
|
|
United Kingdom
|
London
|
|
|
|
Netherlands
|
Amsterdam
|
|
|
|
Portugal
|
Lisbon
|
|
|
|
Spain
|
Madrid
|
|
|
|
Andorra
|
Andorra la Vella
|
|
|
|
France
|
Paris
|
|
|
|
Germany
|
Berlin
|
|
|
|
Switzerland
|
Bern
|
|
|
|
Poland
|
Warsaw
|
|
|
|
Denmark
|
Copenhagen
|
|
|
|
Belgium
|
Brussels
|
|
|
|
Italy
|
Rome
|
|
|
|
Czech Republic
|
Prague
|
|
|
|
Austria
|
Vienna
|
|
|
|
Slovakia
|
Bratslava
|
|
|
|
Slovenia
|
Ljubljana
|
|
|
|
Vatican City
|
Vatican City
|
|
|
|
San Marino
|
San Marino
|
|
|
|
Luxenburg
|
Luxenburg
|
|
|
|
Malta
|
Valleta
|
|
|
|
Turkey
|
Ankara
|
|
|
|
Greece
|
Athens
|
|
|
|
Hungary
|
Budapost
|
|
|
|
Macedonia
|
Skopje
|
|
|
|
Croatia
|
Zagreb
|
|
|
|
Romania
|
Bucharest
|
|
|
|
Bosnia
|
Sarajevo
|
|
|
|
Moldova
|
Chisinau
|
|
|
|
Albania
|
Tirana
|
|
|
|
Bulgaria
|
Sofia
|
|
|
|
Serbia
|
Belgrade
|
|
|
|
Montenegro
|
Podgorica
|
|
|
|
Cyprus
|
Nicosia
|
|
|
|
Algeria
|
Algiers
|
|
|
|
Angola
|
Luanda
|
|
|
|
Benin
|
Porto-Novo
|
|
|
|
Botswana
|
Gaborone
|
|
|
|
Burindi
|
Bujumbura
|
|
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
Ouagadougou
|
|
|
|
Cameroon
|
Yaounde
|
|
|
|
Cape Verde
|
Praia
|
|
|
|
Central African Republic
|
Bangui
|
|
|
|
Chad
|
N'Djamena
|
|
|
|
Comoros
|
Moroni
|
|
|
|
Congo, Democratic Republic of
|
Kinshasa
|
|
|
|
Congo, Republic of
|
Brazzaville
|
|
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
|
Yamoussoukro / Abidjan
|
|
|
|
Djibouti
|
Djibouti
|
|
|
|
Egypt
|
Cairo
|
|
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Malabo
|
|
|
|
Eritrea
|
Asmara
|
|
|
|
Ethiopia
|
Addis Ababa
|
|
|
|
Gabon
|
Libreville
|
|
|
|
The Gambia
|
Banjul
|
|
|
|
Ghana
|
Accra
|
|
|
|
Guinea
|
Conakry
|
|
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
Bissau
|
|
|
|
Kenya
|
Nairobi
|
|
|
|
Lesotho
|
Maseru
|
|
|
|
Liberia
|
Monrovia
|
|
|
|
Libya
|
Tripoli
|
|
|
|
Madagascar
|
Antananaviro
|
|
|
|
Malawe
|
Lilongwe
|
|
|
|
Mali
|
Bamako
|
|
|
|
Mauritania
|
Nouakchott
|
|
|
|
Mauritius
|
Port Louis
|
|
|
|
Morocco
|
Rabat
|
|
|
|
Mozambique
|
Maputo
|
|
|
|
Namibia
|
Windhoek
|
|
|
|
Niger
|
Niamey
|
|
|
|
Nigeria
|
Abuja
|
|
|
|
Rwanda
|
Kigali
|
|
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
São Tomé
|
|
|
|
Senegal
|
Dakar
|
|
|
|
Seychelles
|
Victoria
|
|
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
Freetown
|
|
|
|
Somalia
|
Mogadishu
|
|
|
|
South Africa
|
Pretoria
|
|
|
|
South Sudan
|
Juba
|
|
|
|
Sudan
|
Khartoum
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Swaziland
|
Mbabane
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Tanzania
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Dodoma / Dar es Salaam
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Togo
|
Lomé
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Tunisia
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Tunis
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Western Sahara
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El-Aaiún
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Uganda
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Kampala
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Zambia
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Lusaka
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Zimbabwe
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Harare
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Afghanistan
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Kabul
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Armenia
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Yerevan
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Azerbaijan
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Baku
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Bahrain
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Manama
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Bangladesh
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Dhaka
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Bhutan
|
Thimphu
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Brunei
|
Bandar Seri Begawan
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Burma
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Naypyidaw / Rangoon
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Cambodia
|
Phnom Penh
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China
|
Beijing
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Cyprus
|
Nicosia
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East Timor
|
Dili
|
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Georgia
|
Tbilisi
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India
|
New Delhi
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Indonesia
|
Jakarta
|
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Iran
|
Tehran
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Iraq
|
Baghdad
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Israel
|
Jerusalem
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Japan
|
Tokyo
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Jordan
|
Amman
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Kazakhstan
|
Astana
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Kuwait
|
Kuwait City
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Kyrgyzstan
|
Bishkek
|
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Laos
|
Vientiane
|
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Lebanon
|
Beirut
|
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Malaysia
|
Putrajaya/ Kuala Lumpur
|
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Maldives
|
Malé
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|
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Mongolia
|
Ulaan Baatar
|
|
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Nepal
|
Kathmandu
|
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North Korea
|
Pyongyang
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Oman
|
Muscat
|
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Pakistan
|
Islamabad
|
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Philippines
|
Manila
|
|
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Qatar
|
Doha
|
|
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Saudi Arabia
|
Riyadh
|
|
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Singapore
|
Singapore
|
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South Korea
|
Seoul
|
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Sri Lanka
|
Colombo
|
|
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Taiwan
|
Taipai
|
|
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Tajikistan
|
Dushanbe
|
|
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Thailand
|
Bangkok
|
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Turkey
|
Ankara
|
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Turkmenistan
|
Ashgabat
|
|
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United Arab Emirates
|
Abu Dhabi
|
|
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Uzbekistan
|
Tashkent
|
|
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Vietnam
|
Hanoi
|
|
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Yemen
|
Sana'a
|
|
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Yukon Territory
|
Whitehorse
|
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British Colombia
|
VIctoria
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Northwestern Territories
|
Yellow Knife
|
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Alberta
|
Edmonton
|
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Saskatchewan
|
Regina
|
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Manitoba
|
Winnipeg
|
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Ontario
|
Toronto
|
|
|
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Quebec
|
Quebec
|
|
|
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New Brunswick
|
Fredericton
|
|
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Prince Edward's Island
|
Charlotteiowa
|
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Nova Scotia
|
Halifax
|
|
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Newfoundland
|
St. John's
|
|
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Brazil
|
Brasilia
|
|
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Peru
|
Lima
|
|
|
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Chile
|
Santiago
|
|
|
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Argentina
|
Buenos Aries
|
|
|
|
Bolivia
|
La Paz
|
|
|
|
Brazil
|
Brasilia
|
|
|
|
Chile
|
Santiago
|
|
|
|
Colombia
|
Bogotá
|
|
|
|
Ecuador
|
Quito
|
|
|
|
French Guiana
|
Cayenne
|
|
|
|
Guyana
|
Georgetown
|
|
|
|
Paraguay
|
Asunción
|
|
|
|
Peru
|
Lima
|
|
|
|
Suriname
|
Paramaribo
|
|
|
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Uruguay
|
Montevideo
|
|
|
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Venezuela
|
Caracas
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